http://hdl.handle.net/2440/301 2013-05-24T16:17:29Z http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77955 Title: What Bayesian modelling can tell us about statistical learning: what it requires and why it works Author: Perfors, Amy Francesca; Navarro, Daniel Joseph Abstract: This paper explores the why and what of statistical learning from a computational modelling perspective. We suggest that Bayesian techniques can be useful for understanding what kinds of learners and assumptions are necessary for successful statistical learning. The inferences that can be made by a learner are driven by both the units that such learning operates over and the levels of abstraction it includes. Other assumptions made by the learner have non-trivial affects as well, including assumptions about the process in the world generating the data, as well as whether it is more reasonable to make inferences on the basis of types, tokens, or a mixture of the two. Finally, of course, any learner must incorporate –whether explicitly or implicitly – certain assumptions in the form of their prior biases and the nature of the hypotheses they can represent and consider. We discuss the ways in which these assumptions might drive what is learned, and how Bayesian modelling can be a useful way of exploring these issues. 2011-12-31T13:30:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77931 Title: Reconceptualising the female athlete triad: locating athletes' bodies within the discursive practices of elite sporting Author: Cosh, Suzanne Michelle; Crabb, Shona Helen Abstract: The Female Athlete Triad is understood to be a sporting-specific health concern, seen almost exclusively amongst female athletes, and is regarded within the sport literature as consisting of a combination of three conditions: disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis or osteopenia. Within the sport psychology literature, the Female Athlete Triad has typically been considered as a pathology residing within the individual. However, such pathology cannot be isolated from the sporting context in which body surveillance and regulation are ubiquitous. Indeed, the discursive practices surrounding such surveillance normalise and even privilege behaviours that might otherwise be considered pathological, ultimately producing an appropriate female athlete as one who engages in potentially harmful and pathological behaviours. This paper critiques existing literature on the Female Athlete Triad and disordered eating within the context of elite sport and draws on previous studies of interactions from routine body composition testing in order to contribute to, and challenge, existing understandings of the Female Athlete Triad. 2011-12-31T13:30:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77864 Title: Meta-analysis of esp studies, 1987-2010: Assessing the success of the forced-choice design in parapsychology Author: Storm, Lance Charles; Tressoldi, Patrizio E.; Di Risio, Lorenzo Abstract: We report the results of a meta-analysis on forced-choice ESP studies which used targets such as card symbols, numbers, letters, and so forth. For the period 1987 to 2010, a homogeneous dataset of 72 forced-choice studies yielded a weak but significant mean effect size (ES) of 0.01 (Stouffer Z = 4.86, p = 5.90 × 10 -7). There was no evidence that these results were due to low-quality design or selective reporting. The clairvoyance studies did not produce a significantly higher mean ES than the precognition studies, and target type did not make a difference to effect size. We note that effects do not vary between investigators, but we did find suggestive evidence that the number of choices per trial is inversely related to the p value. We also found evidence of a linear incline in ES values indicating that effect sizes have increased over the period 1987 to 2010. Suggestions are made that might help facilitate further increases in effect sizes. 2011-12-31T13:30:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77639 Title: Perceptual underconfidence: a conceptual illusion? Author: Stankov, Lazar; Pallier, Gerry; Danthiir, Vanessa; Morony, Suzanne 2011-12-31T13:30:00Z