http://hdl.handle.net/2440/33621 2013-06-20T03:12:10Z http://hdl.handle.net/2440/62307 Title: Dental caries experience among young Australian adults Author: Mejia, Gloria Cecilia 2009-12-31T13:30:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2440/44299 Title: Manipulating perceptions of spider characteristics and predicted spider fear: Evidence for the cognitive vulnerability model of the etiology of fear Author: Armfield, Jason Mathew Abstract: The present study reports on an attempt to experimentally manipulate perceptions of uncontrollability, unpredictability and dangerousness related to an imaginal encounter with a spider in order to determine whether there is an effect on self-rated predicted spider fear. Experimental manipulations involved differing information in relation to both the spider and the imaginal task. The control, predictability and dangerousness manipulations all had significant main effects on task-related spider fear (TRSF). Measures of the perception of the spiders as uncontrollable, unpredictable and dangerous were also significantly associated with TRSF and accounted for 42% of the variance in predicted fear beyond that accounted for by the experimental manipulations. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for better understanding the etiology and maintenance of fear. The overall findings are consistent with the cognitive vulnerability model, with cognitive perceptions of an object or situation seen as causal determinants of the fear associated with the stimulus. Description: Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. 2006-12-31T13:30:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2440/44298 Title: Hospitalized head injuries among older people in Australia, 1998/1999 to 2004/2005 Author: Jamieson, Lisa Marie; Roberts-Thomson, Kaye Frances Abstract: Objective: To explore rates of hospitalized head injury among older Australians by a range of risk indicators. Design: Head injury data for 60+-year-olds were obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Hospital Morbidity Database from 1998/1999 to 2004/2005. Poisson regression modeling was used to examine head injury rates in relation to age, sex, Indigenous status, location, and injury type. Results: Rates of hospitalized head injury among the older population increased 1.4-fold between 1998/1999 (582.8 per 100 000) and 2004/2005 (844.3 per 100 000) (p<0.001). Those aged 85+ years had 10.8 times the rate of their 60–64-year-old counterparts (95% CI 10.6 to 11.0) after adjustment for other covariates. Men had 1.1 times the rate of women (95% CI 1.1 to 1.2), and those living in rural/remote areas had 3.1 times the rate of their metropolitan-dwelling counterparts (95% CI 3.0 to 3.1). Those identifying themselves as Indigenous had 1.7 times the rate of non-Indigenous persons (95% CI 1.6 to 1.8). The most prevalent injuries were open wounds of the head (38.0%), followed by superficial injuries (24.7%) and intracranial trauma (18.3%). Falls accounted for 81.4% of all head injury admissions. Conclusions: The oldest old were disproportionately represented among those sustaining hospitalized head injuries, along with men, those living in rural/remote areas, and Indigenous persons. Given the increasing proportion of older people in Western societies and the costs of treating hospitalized head injuries, the ability to reduce risk of such trauma in this age group is of critical public health importance. Description: Copyright © 2007 by the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. 2006-12-31T13:30:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2440/41463 Title: Indigenous child oral health at a regional and state level Author: Jamieson, Lisa Marie; Parker, Eleanor Jane; Armfield, Jason Mathew Abstract: Aim: To compare the dental disease experience of Indigenous and non-Indigenous children in South Australia’s mid-north region (regional area) and to assess Indigenous oral health differences at a regional- and state-level. Methods: Data were collected from a School Dental Service based in an Aboriginal-owned medical health service and standard school dental clinics in the regional area from March 2001 to March 2006. State-level data were obtained over a 12-month period in 2003. Caries prevalence (per cent dmft or DMFT >0) and severity (mean dmft or DMFT, SiC and SiC10) measures were used to assess dental disease experience. Results: In the regional area, Indigenous children aged <10 years had 1.6, 1.9, 1.6 and 1.4 times the percent dmft >0, mean dmft, SiC primary and SiC10 primary, respectively, of their non-Indigenous counterparts, while Indigenous children aged 6+ years had 1.3, 1.7, 1.7 and 1.6 times the percent DMFT > 0, mean DMFT, SiC permanent and SiC10 permanent, respectively, of non-Indigenous children. Indigenous children in the regional area had significantly higher caries prevalence and severity than Indigenous children at a state-level. Conclusion: Indigenous children in South Australia’s mid-north region are dentally disadvantaged in comparison with their non-Indigenous counterparts and with the general South Australian Indigenous child population. Description: The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com 2006-12-31T13:30:00Z