http://hdl.handle.net/2440/10824 Sat, 18 May 2013 10:30:49 GMT 2013-05-18T10:30:49Z http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77812 Title: Use of a damped Hertz contact model to represent head impact safety tests Author: Searson, Daniel Jeffrey; Anderson, Robert William Gerard; Hutchinson, Timothy Paul Abstract: Head impacts tests are conducted as part of many types of safety testing, with applications including vehicle crashes, helmets and sports surfaces. A common measure of head injury in these tests is the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), which is calculated from the measured acceleration of a headform during the impact. In this paper, these headform impacts are represented by a Hertz contact model to which a damping term has been added. A power law relationship was found to be appropriate for modelling the effect of headform mass and impact speed on HIC and peak displacement. It was found that the stiffness and damping in the model did not affect the exponents in the power law, but the exponent of displacement in the contact model did have an effect on all of the exponents in the power law. This result may explain why some variation exists in real data. The relationships presented in this paper may be used to predict how the HIC and maximum displacement of the head will vary for a given change in head mass or impact speed. This has applications in test protocol development and for evaluating the safety performance of tested structures under a variety of real world conditions. Sat, 31 Dec 2011 13:30:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77812 2011-12-31T13:30:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77811 Title: Testing in order to measure the protection against impact of people, manufactured items, and agricultural produce: How to consider all severities of shock Author: Hutchinson, Timothy Paul; Anderson, Robert William Gerard; Searson, Daniel Jeffrey Sat, 31 Dec 2011 13:30:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77811 2011-12-31T13:30:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77793 Title: An alternative approach to identifying and appraising adaptive loops in complex organizations Author: Omarova, Amina; Ireland, Vernon; Gorod, Alex Abstract: This paper describes a research into the adaptation property of complex organizations. The research is focused on the development of a methodology for identifying and appraising loops that can allow for organizational adaptation. The proposed methodology draws a parallel between the nature of adaptation in complex organizations and the process of adaptive decisionmaking in human behavior. From this perspective, the adaptive loop in complex organizations can be divided into four steps adapted from the OODA loop (Observe-Orient-Decide-Act). The extension of the OODA loop to an organizational scale is incorporated with an assumption that flow of information, involved in adaptation processes, can be formed by different organizational components. Subsequently, the OODA loop can be presented as a chain of actions created by independent components of both the organization and its environment. Applying this approach to complex organizations necessitates mapping a functional definition of different organizational components within each step of the adaptive loop. Thus, while the functional definition of an organization can be done by using existing tools of organizational analysis (organizational structure, functional decomposition, architecture frameworks, etc.), the main goal of this proposed methodology is the determination of adaptive loops on an organizational scale. Sat, 31 Dec 2011 13:30:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77793 2011-12-31T13:30:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77790 Title: Application of case studies to engineering management and systems engineering education Author: Gandhi, S. Jimmy; Sauser, Brian; White, Brian Emery; Gorod, Alex; Ireland, Vernon Sat, 31 Dec 2011 13:30:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2440/77790 2011-12-31T13:30:00Z