Adelaide Research & Scholarship
Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) is the University of Adelaide’s digital repository. AR&S provides a platform for the collection, organisation, access and preservation of the research and scholarly outputs of the University community in digital formats, as well as digital management of information in physical formats.
University of Adelaide higher degree by research theses are deposited into the AR&S Theses community as part of the final thesis lodgement process.
AR&S also serves as the home of the digital collections of University Library Archives and Special Collections. Items include digitized representations of physical items, such as photographs and full texts, and digital-born materials, allowing worldwide access to our heritage and research collections.
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Recent Submissions
A longitudinal analysis of the impact of multidimensional precarious employment on the mental health of men and women
(NATURE PORTFOLIO, 2024) Ervin, J.; Taouk, Y.; Hewitt, B.; King, T.; Doan, T.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of precarious employment (PE) on the mental health of Australians. Building on previous research, we conceptualised PE as a multidimensional construct, accounted for gender differences in the associations, and our modelling strategy addressed the possibility of reverse causality bias. Data was pooled panel data from 15 waves (2005–2019) of the HILDA survey (n = 14,237). Using PCA, we created two multidimensional measures of PE: objective and subjective. Fixed effects (FE) regression models (attending to unmeasured time-invariant confounders) estimated the change in mental health associated with a change in PE, and instrumental variable (IV) analyses (addressing endogeneity bias) obtained an unbiased estimate of effect of subjective PE on mental health (with ordinary least squares (OLS) models as baseline). For both genders, FE models showed that objective and subjective multidimensional PE both had a strong negative association with mental health (stronger for subjective PE). IV analysis indicated OLS models overestimate the relationship between subjective PE and mental health for men but underestimate it for women, providing causal evidence that subjective PE is important for women’s mental health. Overall, findings suggest that targeted PE policies have the potential to provide significant population mental health gains, particularly for working women.
Adjuvant Cemiplimab or Placebo in High-Risk Cutaneous Squamous-Cell Carcinoma
(Massachusetts Medical Society, 2025) Rischin, D.; Porceddu, S.; Day, F.; Brungs, D.P.; Christie, H.; Jackson, J.E.; Stein, B.N.; Su, Y.B.; Ladwa, R.; Adams, G.; Bowyer, S.E.; Otty, Z.; Yamazaki, N.; Bossi, P.; Challapalli, A.; Hauschild, A.; Lim, A.M.; Patel, V.A.; Walker, J.L.; De Liz Vassen Schurmann, M.; et al.
BACKGROUND Patients who have cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma with high-risk features are at risk for recurrence after definitive local therapy. The benefit of systemic adjuvant therapy options has not been well established in clinical trials. METHODS In a phase 3, randomized trial, we enrolled patients with local or regional cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma, after surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy, at high risk for recurrence owing to nodal features (extracapsular extension with largest node ≥20 mm in diameter or at least three involved nodes) or nonnodal features (in-transit metastases, T4 lesion [with bone invasion], perineural invasion, or locally recurrent tumor with ≥1 additional risk feature). Patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive adjuvant cemiplimab (350 mg) or placebo, administered intravenously every 3 weeks for 12 weeks, followed by a dose increase to 700 mg administered every 6 weeks for up to 36 weeks (≤48 weeks total). The primary end point was diseasefree survival. Secondary end points included freedom from locoregional recurrence, freedom from distant recurrence, and safety. RESULTS A total of 415 patients were assigned to cemiplimab (209) or placebo (206). The median follow-up was 24 months. Cemiplimab was superior to placebo with respect to disease-free survival (24 vs. 65 events; hazard ratio for disease recurrence or death, 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20 to 0.51; P<0.001). The estimated 24-month disease-free survival was 87.1% (95% CI, 80.3 to 91.6) with cemiplimab and 64.1% (95% CI, 55.9 to 71.1) with placebo. Cemiplimab led to lower risks of locoregional recurrence (9 events, vs. 40 with placebo; hazard ratio, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.40) and distant recurrence (10 vs. 26 events; hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.72). Adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in 23.9% of the patients who received cemiplimab and in 14.2% of those who received placebo; discontinuation due to adverse events occurred in 9.8% and 1.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant cemiplimab therapy led to longer disease-free survival than placebo among patients at high risk for recurrence of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma. (Funded by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi; C-POST ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03969004.)
Surreal Birthdays and Their Arithmetic
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2023) Roughan, M.
Summary. This paper is about the structure underlying surreal numbers, namely, the birthdays of surreal number
forms. The results are intriguing because (i) addition of surreal forms results in simple addition of their
birthdays, but (ii) multiplication results in a much more complicated structure of birthdays, given by a kind of
two-dimensional Fibonacci sequence. The paper also provides many examples and illustrations designed to help
a student become familiar with this interesting set of numbers.
Artificial Photosynthesis of Glycolaldehyde and Syngas from Plastic Feedstocks via Boron-Functionalized Nickel Species on CdS
(Wiley, 2025) Zhang, S.; Gao, X.; Xia, B.; Slattery, A.; Ran, J.; Qiao, S.-Z.
Glycolaldehyde is an important intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and biodegradable plastics. Artificial photosynthesis of glycolaldehyde from plastic waste provides a sustainable approach for waste recycling and solar energy utilization. However, the inertness of plastic substrates and unselective photoredox make it challenging to generate valuable aldehydes or other market-demanded products. Here we demonstrate co-production of glycolaldehyde and syngas from the photoreforming of polyethylene terephthalate via an electron–proton cascade redox using a boron-functionalized nickel species modified CdS photocatalyst (NinB@Ni-BOx/CdS) under ambient conditions. We confirm the surface specie as a nickel boride@nickel borate core-shell nanoarchitecture with dual functions, serving as a reduction cocatalyst and facilitating electron–proton cascade transfer. The feature boosts charge separation and reactant molecule activation for an efficient cooperative redox. The optimized photocatalyst exhibits a glycolaldehyde generation of 1068.3 µmol gcat¯¹ h¯¹ with a selectivity of 66.3%, as well as a syngas generation of 3232.2 µmol gcat¯¹ h¯¹ with a tuneable H₂/CO ratio. The finding demonstrates the solar-driven synthesis of value-added and multifunctional products from plastic waste as a sustainable and economically promising strategy.
Axial Force Negative Stiffness in Axial-Flux Electric Machines
(Wiley, 2025) Soong, W.L.; Roshandel, E.; Cao, Z.; Mahmoudi, A.; Kahourzade, S.
This paper examines the axial force negative stiffness of the induction and permanent magnet (PM) axial-flux machines. Simplified analytical models are used to identify the key normalised machine parameters which affect the variation of the axial force with the airgap length. The analytical results are validated against finite-element simulation and experimental results from axial force tests comparing the negative stiffness of the induction and PM axial-flux machines. Finally, the effect of load, the use of double-sided machines and tilting torque are examined.