Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2440/119176
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Type: Journal article
Title: The contribution of visual processing to academic achievement in adolescents born extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight
Author: Molloy, C.S.
Di Battista, A.M.
Anderson, V.A.
Burnett, A.
Lee, K.J.
Roberts, G.
Cheong, J.L.
Anderson, P.J.
Doyle, L.W.
Citation: Child Neuropsychology, 2017; 23(3):361-379
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Issue Date: 2017
ISSN: 0929-7049
1744-4136
Statement of
Responsibility: 
Carly S. Molloy, Ashley M. Di Battista, Vicki A. Anderson, Alice Burnett, Katherine J. Lee, Gehan Roberts, Jeanie Ly Cheong, Peter J. Anderson si Lex W. Doyle
Abstract: Children born extremely preterm (EP, <28 weeks) and/or extremely low birth weight (ELBW, <1000 g) have more academic deficiencies than their term-born peers, which may be due to problems with visual processing. The aim of this study is to determine (1) if visual processing is related to poor academic outcomes in EP/ELBW adolescents, and (2) how much of the variance in academic achievement in EP/ELBW adolescents is explained by visual processing ability after controlling for perinatal risk factors and other known contributors to academic performance, particularly attention and working memory. A geographically determined cohort of 228 surviving EP/ELBW adolescents (mean age 17 years) was studied. The relationships between measures of visual processing (visual acuity, binocular stereopsis, eye convergence, and visual perception) and academic achievement were explored within the EP/ELBW group. Analyses were repeated controlling for perinatal and social risk, and measures of attention and working memory. It was found that visual acuity, convergence and visual perception are related to scores for academic achievement on univariable regression analyses. After controlling for potential confounds (perinatal and social risk, working memory and attention), visual acuity, convergence and visual perception remained associated with reading and math computation, but only convergence and visual perception are related to spelling. The additional variance explained by visual processing is up to 6.6% for reading, 2.7% for spelling, and 2.2% for math computation. None of the visual processing variables or visual motor integration are associated with handwriting on multivariable analysis. Working memory is generally a stronger predictor of reading, spelling, and math computation than visual processing. It was concluded that visual processing difficulties are significantly related to academic outcomes in EP/ELBW adolescents; therefore, specific attention should be paid to academic remediation strategies incorporating the management of working memory and visual processing in EP/ELBW children.
Keywords: Extremely preterm; extremely low birth weight; academic outcome; visual processing; working memory; attention
Rights: © 2015 Taylor & Francis
DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2015.1118024
Grant ID: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/491246
http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/491246
http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/546519
http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1060733
http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/628371
http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1053787
Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2015.1118024
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Dentistry publications

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