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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/81643
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Axl mediates acquired resistance of head and neck cancer cells to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib |
Author: | Giles, K. Kalinowski, F. Candy, P. Epis, M. Zhang, P. Redfern, A. Stuart, L. Goodall, G. Leedman, P. |
Citation: | Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2013; 12(11):2541-2558 |
Publisher: | Amer Assoc Cancer Research |
Issue Date: | 2013 |
ISSN: | 1535-7163 1538-8514 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Keith M. Giles, Felicity C. Kalinowski, Patrick A. Candy, Michael R. Epis, Priscilla M. Zhang, Andrew D. Redfern, Lisa M. Stuart, Gregory J. Goodall and Peter J. Leedman |
Abstract: | Elevated expression and activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with development and progression of head and neck cancer (HNC) and a poor prognosis. Clinical trials with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., erlotinib) have been disappointing in HNC. To investigate the mechanisms mediating resistance to these agents, we developed an HNC cell line (HN5-ER) with acquired erlotinib resistance. In contrast to parental HN5 HNC cells, HN5-ER cells exhibited an epithelial-mesenchymal (EMT) phenotype with increased migratory potential, reduced E-cadherin and epithelial-associated microRNAs (miRNA), and elevated vimentin expression. Phosphorylated receptor tyrosine kinase profiling identified Axl activation in HN5-ER cells. Growth and migration of HN5-ER cells were blocked with a specific Axl inhibitor, R428, and R428 resensitized HN5-ER cells to erlotinib. Microarray analysis of HN5-ER cells confirmed the EMT phenotype associated with acquired erlotinib resistance, and identified activation of gene expression associated with cell migration and inflammation pathways. Moreover, increased expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in HN5-ER cells suggested a role for inflammatory cytokine signaling in EMT and erlotinib resistance. Expression of the tumor suppressor miR-34a was reduced in HN5-ER cells and increasing its expression abrogated Axl expression and reversed erlotinib resistance. Finally, analysis of 302 HNC patients revealed that high tumor Axl mRNA expression was associated with poorer survival (HR = 1.66, P = 0.007). In summary, our results identify Axl as a key mediator of acquired erlotinib resistance in HNC and suggest that therapeutic inhibition of Axl by small molecule drugs or specific miRNAs might overcome anti-EGFR therapy resistance. |
Keywords: | Cell Line, Tumor Humans Head and Neck Neoplasms Triazoles Quinazolines Benzocycloheptenes Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases Proto-Oncogene Proteins MicroRNAs Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols Protein Kinase Inhibitors Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Cell Movement Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic Drug Resistance, Neoplasm Adult Aged Middle Aged Female Male Erlotinib Hydrochloride Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase |
Rights: | ©2013 American Association for Cancer Research |
DOI: | 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-13-0170 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0170 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest Molecular and Biomedical Science publications |
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