Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2440/9401
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Type: Journal article
Title: Macrovascular risk and diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes - Implications for the use of FPG and HbA1c for cost-effective screening
Author: Jesudason, D.
Leong, D.
Dunstan, K.
Wittert, G.
Citation: Diabetes Care, 2003; 26(2):485-490
Publisher: Amer Diabetes Assoc
Issue Date: 2003
ISSN: 0149-5992
1935-5548
Statement of
Responsibility: 
David R. Jesudason, Kerrie Dunstan, Darryl Leong, and Gary A. Wittert
Abstract: Objective - The use of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level 7.0 mmol/l leads to underdiagnosis of type 2 diabetes compared with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The OGTT is of limited use for population screening. Most of the increase in cardiovascular risk in relation to increasing blood glucose occurs before the threshold at which the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is made. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of HbA1c and FPG as predictors of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk and, accordingly, to develop a rational approach to screening for abnormalities of glucose tolerance. Research design and methods - OGTT and measurement of HbA1c and FPG levels were performed in 505 subjects screened for type 2 diabetes. Anthropomorphic measurements were obtained. A cardiovascular risk factor questionnaire was completed. Results - The subjects were aged 19–88 years (mean 53.8). The incidence of type 2 diabetes was 10.4% based on the OGTT and 4% based on an FPG level 7.0 mmol/l. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), HbA1c of <4.7 and 6.2% predicted with certainty the absence or presence of type 2 diabetes as defined by the OGTT. The corresponding cutoffs were <5.0 and 6.8% for HbA1c (DCA2000 HPLC device; Bayer Diagnostics, Mulgrave, Australia) and <4.7 and 6.4 mmol/l for FPG. However, 75–85% of subjects in each case had intermediate values, which were therefore nondiagnostic. Cardiovascular risk increased at least 2.2 times at an HbA1c level 6.2% (by HPLC), 1.8–2.2 times at an HbA1c level of 5.6–6.1% (by HPLC), 2 times at an FPG level 6.4 mmol/l, and 1.7–1.9 times at an FPG level of 5.6–6.3 mmol/l. Conclusions - Measurement of FPG and HbA1c levels will diagnose or exclude type 2 diabetes with certainty in a minority (15%) of people. There is a continuous relationship between FPG and HbA1c and cardiovascular risk. Accordingly, we propose that there is a rational basis for using either FPG and HbA1c for purposes of screening and assigning risk. Individuals with an HbA1c level of 5.6–6.1% and an FPG level of 5.6–6.3 mmol/l are at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease and should be targeted for further evaluation. An algorithm outlining a cost-effective approach is presented.
Keywords: Humans
Cardiovascular Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Blood Glucose
Glucose Tolerance Test
Fasting
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Reproducibility of Results
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Middle Aged
Glycated Hemoglobin
Rights: Copyright © 2003 by the American Diabetes Association
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.2.485
Published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.2.485
Appears in Collections:Aurora harvest
Medicine publications

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