The health-related quality of life of male and female heavy smokers

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Heavy smokers are a segment of the smoking population who are at increased risk of smoking-related morbidity and least likely to achieve cessation. This study identifies the impact of heavy smoking on quality of life by gender and describes the subpopulation for improved targeting. METHODS: South Australian representative population data (n = 3010) was used to compare the health-related quality of life status of male and female heavy smokers as assessed by the SF-36. RESULTS: Of the smoking population 18% were classified as heavy smokers. There was a clear dose response relationship between amount smoked and deteriorating quality of life for all female smokers. Female heavy smokers were found to be significantly more impaired on all health-related quality of life dimensions, when compared to male heavy smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The association of smoking with impaired quality of life is more marked in females than in males. There is a need to identify female smokers as a distinct target group in smoking cessation initiatives and programs.