Self-Discharge Behaviors in Aqueous Batteries
Date
2025
Authors
Wu, H.
Zhang, S.-J.
Jiang, Y.
Jaroniec, M.
Hao, J.
Qiao, S.-Z.
Editors
Advisors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Type:
Journal article
Citation
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2025; 65(7):e20601-1-e20601-21
Statement of Responsibility
Han Wu, Shao-Jian Zhang, Yunling Jiang, Mietek Jaroniec, Junnan Hao, and Shi-Zhang Qiao
Conference Name
Abstract
Aqueous batteries (ABs) are considered emerging candidates for grid-scale energy storage due to their inherent safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental compatibility. In recent years, major advances have been made in ABs toward improving their energy density and cycling stability, and progressing their prospects for real application. However, self-discharge, a critical parameter for practical applications, remains largely underexplored. Many studies either overlook this aspect entirely or employ inconsistent testing protocols, making cross-system comparisons difficult and diminishing the reliability of reported data. To date, no comprehensive review that systematically addresses self-discharge in ABs is available. In this review, we aim to fill this gap by providing an in-depth analysis of self-discharge phenomena in state-of-the-art ABs. We first summarize the underlying mechanisms responsible for self-discharge and then critically evaluate current measurement approaches, offering recommendations for practical and standardized testing protocols. Furthermore, we highlight mitigation strategies from both electrolyte and electrode perspectives, providing a materials-oriented overview of self-discharge suppression. This review not only offers a theoretical framework for understanding self-discharge behaviors in ABs, but also proposes clear guidelines for future experimental assessment, thereby enhancing their practical relevance and accelerating their development toward commercialization.
School/Discipline
Dissertation Note
Provenance
Description
First published: 30 December 2025
OnlinePubl
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©2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH