Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, and Quality of Life Outcomes Following a Movement-Based Mindfulness or Social Group Program for Chronic Stroke: A Sub-Study of a Phase II Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial
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Date
2025
Authors
Hancock, S.
Thayabaranathan, T.
Stolwyk, R.
Cameron, J.
Immink, M.A.
Hillier, S.
Kilkenny, M.F.
Brodtmann, A.
Carey, L.M.
Olaiya, M.
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Journal article
Citation
Mindfulness, 2025; 16(6):1612-1623
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Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
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<jats:title>Objectives</jats:title>
<jats:p>Movement-based mindfulness may be beneficial for mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) post-stroke. We assessed changes in anxiety, depression, fatigue, and HRQoL in survivors of stroke participating in movement-based mindfulness intervention against an attention control (social group).</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Method</jats:title>
<jats:p>Participants were between 3- and 18-months post-stroke and randomised 1:1 to the movement-based mindfulness intervention or social group (15-20 min lifestyle education then socialisation). Each program was delivered as group-based, 1-hr classes over 12 weeks. Anxiety, depression, fatigue, and HRQoL were measured at baseline and post-intervention (13–15 weeks post-baseline). Within-group changes were analysed using Cohen’s <jats:italic>d</jats:italic>. The magnitude of change was classified as small (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.2), medium (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.50), or large (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.80). Between-group differences were assessed using generalised linear mixed models.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Results</jats:title>
<jats:p>Thirty-eight participants were randomised, and 36 completed follow-up (72% male, median age 70 years). Movement-based mindfulness showed greater within-group effects than attention control for HRQoL (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.22 vs <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.18) and aspects of HRQoL (e.g. memory (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.31 vs <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.06), and mobility (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.45 vs <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.37). Movement-based mindfulness showed smaller within-group effect than attention control for anxiety (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.25 vs <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.46), depression (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.11 vs <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.48), and aspects of HRQoL (e.g. communication (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.01 vs <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.46), usual activities (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.11 vs <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.40), hand function (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.04 vs <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.43), and utility score (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.02 vs <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.34)). No between-group differences were found.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>
<jats:p>Movement-based mindfulness or social group classes provide small-to-medium favourable changes in various health domains within 3–18 months of stroke. These findings support further investigation of these programs.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Preregistration</jats:title>
<jats:p>The conducted research was pre-registered with The Australian and New Zealand Registry: ACTRN12620000105943.</jats:p>
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Data source: Supplementary Information, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-025-02579-8
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Copyright 2025 The Author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)