Trends in the Incidence of End-Stage Kidney Disease in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Australia, 2010-2019
Date
2023
Authors
Morton, J.I.
Carstensen, B.
McDonald, S.P.
Polkinghorne, K.R.
Shaw, J.E.
Magliano, D.J.
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Journal article
Citation
American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2023; 82(5):608-616
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Jedidiah I. Morton, Bendix Carstensen, Stephen P. McDonald, Kevan R. Polkinghorne, Jonathan E. Shaw, and Dianna J. Magliano
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Abstract
Rationale & Objective: Trends in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) among people with diabetes may inform clinical management and public health strategies. We estimated trends in the incidence of ESKD among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Australia from 2010-2019 and evaluated their associated factors. Study Design: Cohort study. Setting & Participants: 71,700 people with type 1 and 1,112,690 people with type 2 diabetes registered on the Australian National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS). We estimated the incidence of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) via linkage to the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) and the incidence of KRT or death from ESKD by linking the NDSS to the ANZDATA and the National Death Index for Australia. Predictors: Calendar time, sex, age, and duration of diabetes. Outcome: Incidence of KRT and KRT or death from ESKD. Analytical Approach: Incidence of ESKD, trends over time, and associations with factors related to these trends were modeled using Poisson regression stratified by diabetes type and sex. Results: The median duration of diabetes increased from 15.3 to 16.8 years in type 1 diabetes, and from7.6 to 10.2 years in type 2 diabetes between 2010 and 2019. The incidence of KRT and KRT or death from ESKD did not significantly change over this time interval among people with type 1 diabetes. Conversely, the age-adjusted incidence of KRT and KRT or death from ESKD increased among males with type 2 diabetes (annual percent changes [APCs]: 2.52% [95% CI, 1.54 to −3.52] and 1.27% [95% CI, 0.53 2.03], respectively), with no significant change among females (0.67% [95% CI, −0.68 to 2.04] and 0.07% [95% CI, −0.81 to 0.96], respectively). After further adjustment for duration of diabetes, the incidence of ESKD fell between 2010 and 2019, with APCs of −0.09% (95% CI, −1.06 to 0.89) and −2.63% (95% CI, −3.96 to −1.27) for KRT and −0.97% (95% CI, −1.71 to −0.23) and −2.75% (95% CI, −3.62 to −1.87) for KRT or death from ESKD among males and females, respectively. Limitations: NDSS only captures 80%-90% of people with diabetes; lack of clinical covariates limits understanding of trends. Conclusions: While the age-adjusted incidence of ESKD increased for males and was stable for females over the last decade, after adjusting for increases in duration of diabetes the risk of developing ESKD has decreased for both males and females.
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© 2023 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.