AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6 and 7 control the flag leaf angle in rice by regulating secondary cell wall biosynthesis of lamina joints
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Date
2021
Authors
Huang, G.
Hu, H.
van de Meene, A.
Zhang, J.
Dong, L.
Zheng, S.
Zhang, F.
Betts, N.S.
Liang, W.
Bennett, M.J.
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The Plant Cell, 2021; 33(9):3120-3133
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Guoqiang Huang, Heng Hu, Allison van de Meene, Jiao Zhang, Le Dong, Shuai Zheng ... et al.
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Abstract
Flag leaf angle impacts the photosynthetic capacity of densely grown plants and is thus an important agronomic breeding trait for crop architecture and yield. The hormone auxin plays a key role in regulating this trait, yet the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that two rice (Oryza sativa) auxin response factors (ARFs), OsARF6 and OsARF17, which are highly expressed in lamina joint tissues, control flag leaf angle in response to auxin. Loss-of-function double osarf6 osarf17 mutants displayed reduced secondary cell wall levels of lamina joint sclerenchymatous cells (Sc), resulting in an exaggerated flag leaf angle and decreased grain yield under dense planting conditions. Mechanical measurements indicated that the mutant lamina joint tissues were too weak to support the weight of the flag leaf blade, resembling the phenotype of the rice increased leaf angle1 (ila1) mutant. We demonstrate that OsARF6 and OsARF17 directly bind to the ILA1 promoter independently and synergistically to activate its expression. In addition, auxin-induced ILA1 expression was dependent on OsARF6 and OsARF17. Collectively, our study reveals a mechanism that integrates auxin signaling with secondary cell wall composition to determine flag leaf angle, providing breeding targets in rice, and potentially other cereals, for this key trait.
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VC The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial refuse, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com