Axial Force Negative Stiffness in Axial-Flux Electric Machines

Date

2025

Authors

Soong, W.L.
Roshandel, E.
Cao, Z.
Mahmoudi, A.
Kahourzade, S.

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IET Electric Power Applications, 2025; 19(1):e70095-1-e70095-14

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Wen Liang Soong, Emad Roshandel, Zhi Cao, Amin Mahmoudi, Solmaz Kahourzade

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Abstract

This paper examines the axial force negative stiffness of the induction and permanent magnet (PM) axial-flux machines. Simplified analytical models are used to identify the key normalised machine parameters which affect the variation of the axial force with the airgap length. The analytical results are validated against finite-element simulation and experimental results from axial force tests comparing the negative stiffness of the induction and PM axial-flux machines. Finally, the effect of load, the use of double-sided machines and tilting torque are examined.

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© 2025 The Author(s). IET Electric Power Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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