The nature and landscape of financial inclusion in Asia
Date
2021
Authors
Cavoli, T.
Shrestha, R.
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Cavoli, T.
Shrestha, R.
Shrestha, R.
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Book chapter
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Source details - Title: Financial inclusion in Asia and beyond: measurement, development gaps, and economic consequences, 2021 / Cavoli, T., Shrestha, R. (ed./s), Ch.1, pp.1-28
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Abstract
This chapter examines the key impacts of financial inclusion on economic prosperity and well-being, and on other development indicators such as those pertaining to health, education, gender, and social capital for Asia. It attempts to answer specific questions such as: What are the main individual dimensions of financial inclusion? Which are more effective at capturing the salient characteristics of financial inclusion? Does financial inclusion differ by gender, education, poverty, and other development outcomes (i.e., are there ‘gaps’?)? What is the role of policy? Might there be particular policies relating to financial inclusion that are more effective than others in addressing development outcomes? We find that the growth in financial inclusion has occurred mainly in the South Asian, CLMV, and ASEAN5 groups rather than in the more developed Plus3 and ANZ nations, and that this has occurred to both the traditional indicators (ATMs, branches) as well as in areas of fintech and digital finance. We also find systemic development gaps in financial inclusion – particularly between poor and non-poor segments of society, and rural and urban populations.
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Copyright 2021 selection and editorial matter, Tony Cavoli and Rashesh Shrestha; individual chapters, the contributors