High Shear Conversion of Elemental Bismuth in Water Under Air to 2D Bismuth Oxycarbonate
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Date
2025
Authors
Alrashaidi, F.A.
Gascooke, J.R.
Asiri, M.Z.
Mann, A.K.
Slattery, A.
Campbell, J.A.
Tang, Y.
Raston, C.L.
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Chemistry - A European Journal, 2025; 31(58):e02202-1-e02202-9
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Fayed Abdullah Alrashaidi, Jason R. Gascooke, Mohammed Z. Asiri, Abigail K. Mann, Ashley Slattery, Jonathan A. Campbell, Youhong Tang, Colin L. Raston
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Abstract
2D Bismuth oxycarbonate (2D BOC) nanosheets have a unique layered structure with many applications, including capture and reduction of carbon dioxide. Processing powdered elemental bismuth in water under ambient air conditions using a vortex fluidic device (VFD) results in the formation of 2D BOC without the need of surfactants or other excipients. The induced high shear mechanical energy in the form of micron/submicron topological typhoon like spinning top (ST) fluid flow drives the conversion, which we propose initially melts the metal particles which are spontaneously oxidised at the liquid-quartz tube interface to form 2D bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃). Then it reacts with atmospheric CO₂ to form 2D BOC. These sheets, ≤ 15.7 nm thick, are in the orthorhombic phase with a lattice spacing of 0.29 nm, which is converted to Bi₂O₃ monoclinic phase as an exothermic process at 269 °C.
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© 2025 The Author(s). Chemistry – A European Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.