Quantitative chemical state XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides
Date
2008
Authors
Biesinger, M.C.
Payne, B.P.
Hart, B.R.
Grosvenor, A.P.
McIntryre, N.S.
Lau, L.W.M.
Smart, R.S.
Editors
Johansson, L.S.O.
Andersen, J.N.
Gothelid, M.
Helmersson, U.
Montelius, L.
Rubel, M.
Setina, J.
Wernersson, L.E.
Andersen, J.N.
Gothelid, M.
Helmersson, U.
Montelius, L.
Rubel, M.
Setina, J.
Wernersson, L.E.
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Journal article
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Journal of Physics : Conference Series, 2008; 100(1, article no. 012025):1-4
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Abstract
Practical quantitative chemical state X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides is challenging due to the complexity of their M 2p spectra. Complex multiplet splitting, shake-up and plasmon loss structure can play a role in the interpretation of the chemical states present. This paper will show practical curve fitting procedures for the quantitative measurement of different chemical states for metal oxides and hydroxides from a survey of transition metals. It will also discuss some of the limitations and pitfalls present as well as give practical examples of their successful use. These curve-fitting procedures are based on 1) standard spectra from quality reference samples, 2) a survey of appropriate literature databases and/or a compilation of literature references, 3) fitting of multiplet split spectra based on spectra of numerous reference materials and theoretical modelling, 4) spectral subtractions routines, again using reference spectra, and 5) specific literature references where fitting procedures are available. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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Copyright 2008 IOP Publishing