All-Optical Electric Field Sensing with Nanodiamond-Doped Polymer Thin Films

Date

2025

Authors

Styles, R.
Han, M.
Goris, T.
Partridge, J.G.
Johnson, B.C.
Rosal, B.D.
Abraham, A.N.
Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H.
Gibson, B.C.
Dontschuk, N.

Editors

Advisors

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Type:

Journal article

Citation

Advanced Functional Materials, 2025; e12068-1-e12068-9

Statement of Responsibility

Roy Styles, Mengke Han, Toon Goris, Jim G. Partridge, Brett C. Johnson, Blanca del Rosal, Amanda N. Abraham, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Brant C. Gibson, Nikolai Dontschuk, Jean-Philippe Tetienne, and Philipp Reineck

Conference Name

DOI

10.1002/adfm.202512068

Abstract

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is a photoluminescent defect in diamond that exists in different charge states, NV- and NV⁰, that are sensitive to the NV’s nanoscale environment. Here, all-optical voltage sensing with NV centers in fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) is demonstrated in a solid-state device based on electric field-induced NV charge state modulation. More than 95% of FNDs integrated into a polymer-based capacitor device show a transient increase in NV‾ PL intensity up to 31% within 0.1 ms after application of an external voltage, accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in NV⁰ PL. The NV‾ PL signal increases with increasing electric field from 0 to 619 kV cm⁻¹. The best electric field sensitivity for a single FND is 18 V cm⁻¹ Hz⁻(½). The NV charge state photodynamics are investigated on the millisecond timescale. The change in NV PL is found to strongly depend on the rate of photoexcitation. A model is proposed that qualitatively explains the results based on an electric field-induced redistribution of photoexcited electrons from substitutional nitrogen to NV centers, leading to a transient conversion of NV⁰ to NV⁻ centers. These results contribute to the development of FNDs as reliable, all-optical, nanoscale electric field sensors in solid-state systems.

School/Discipline

Dissertation Note

Provenance

Description

OnlinePubl. Available online 24 July 2025

Access Status

Rights

© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Functional Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

License

Grant ID

http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DE200100279
 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP250100125
 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP220102518
 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FT200100073
 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/CE140100003
 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/2039198

Published Version

https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202512068

Call number

Persistent link to this record

https://hdl.handle.net/2440/147784