Search for Neutrino Emission from Hard X-Ray AGN with IceCube
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(Published version)
Date
2025
Authors
Abbasi, R.
Ackermann, M.
Adams, J.
Agarwalla, S.K.
Aguilar, J.A.
Ahlers, M.
Alameddine, J.M.
Amin, N.M.
Andeen, K.
Argüelles, C.
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Journal article
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The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ), 2025; 981(2):131-1-131-17
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IceCube Collaboration
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Abstract
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are promising candidate sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, since they provide environments rich in matter and photon targets where cosmic-ray interactions may lead to the production of gamma rays and neutrinos. We searched for high-energy neutrino emission from AGN using the Swift-BAT Spectroscopic Survey catalog of hard X-ray sources and 12 yr of IceCube muon track data. First, upon performing a stacked search, no significant emission was found. Second, we searched for neutrinos from a list of 43 candidate sources and found an excess from the direction of two sources, the Seyfert galaxies NGC 1068 and NGC 4151. We observed NGC 1068 at flux fn +n¯ m m = 4.02 1.52 10 1.58 ´ 11 - + - TeV−1 cm−2 s−1 normalized at 1 TeV, with a power-law spectral index γ=3.10 0.22 0.26 - + , consistent with previous IceCube results. The observation of a neutrino excess from the direction of NGC 4151 is at a posttrial significance of 2.9σ. If interpreted as an astrophysical signal, the excess observed from NGC 4151 corresponds to a flux ¯ fnm+nm =1.51 0.81 10 0.99 ´ 11 - + - TeV−1 cm−2 s−1 normalized at 1 TeV and γ=2.83 0.28 0.35 - + .
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© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.