Single-Suture Non-Syndromic Craniosynostosis and its Association with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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2023

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Lange, Olivia

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It is not yet understood if and to what extent craniosynostosis impacts development of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or ADHD symptomology (inattention, hyperactivity). This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the association between ADHD (screened, diagnosed) and ADHD symptomology in individuals with single suture, non-syndromic craniosynostosis. Data were consolidated from 21 studies published prior to April 2023 that examined ADHD and ADHD symptomology in individuals (participants = 2637; Mage = 7.36 years) with single-suture, non-syndromic craniosynostosis. Odds Ratios were calculated to determine the likelihood of observing diagnosed ADHD, screened ADHD, or ADHD symptomology (inattention, hyperactivity) in cases compared with control groups. In studies without a control group, prevalence rates were used to calculate mean effect size. Hedges' g was used to measure the standardised mean difference in scores on measures of ADHD symptomology between cases and control groups. Individuals with single-suture, non- syndromic craniosynostosis had higher rates of ADHD (10%), inattention (24%), and hyperactivity (25%) than that of general populations (8%, 16%, and 9% respectively). Sub-analysis yielded no significant differences between cases and control groups. Overall, ADHD, inattention, and hyperactivity were high in individuals with single-suture, non-syndromic craniosynostosis when compared to general populations, but no differences were found between cases and controls. However, sample sizes were small, data for sub-analyses (age, craniosynostosis type) were limited, and the current scope of the literature restricted the context in which results can be interpreted. Nevertheless, findings suggested that there may be a relationship between ADHD and single-suture, non-syndromic craniosynostosis. Key Words: single-suture craniosynostosis, non-syndromic craniosynostosis, metopic synostosis, sagittal synostosis, coronal synostosis, lambdoid synostosis, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, hyperactivity, inattention

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School of Psychology

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Thesis (B.PsychSc(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2023

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