Characterisation of Hamamatsu R11065-20 PMTs for use in the SABRE South NaI(Tl) Crystal Detectors

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dc.contributor.authorStanley, O.
dc.contributor.authorMelbourne, W.J.D.
dc.contributor.authorUrquijo, P.
dc.contributor.authorBarberio, E.
dc.contributor.authorBashu, V.U.
dc.contributor.authorBignell, L.J.
dc.contributor.authorBolognino, I.
dc.contributor.authorBrooks, G.
dc.contributor.authorChhun, S.S.
dc.contributor.authorDastgiri, F.
dc.contributor.authorFroehlich, M.B.
dc.contributor.authorFruth, T.
dc.contributor.authorFu, G.
dc.contributor.authorHill, G.C.
dc.contributor.authorJames, R.S.
dc.contributor.authorJanssens, K.
dc.contributor.authorKapoor, S.
dc.contributor.authorLane, G.J.
dc.contributor.authorLeaver, K.T.
dc.contributor.authorMcKenzie, J.
dc.contributor.authoret al.
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractThe SABRE Experiment is a direct detection dark matter experiment using a target composed of multiple NaI(Tl) crystals. The experiment aims to be an independent check of the DAMA/LIBRA results with a detector in the Northern (Laboratori Nazionali Del Gran Sasso, LNGS) and Southern (Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory, SUPL) hemispheres. The SABRE South photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) will be used near the low energy noise threshold and require a detailed calibration of their performance and contributions to the background in the NaI(Tl) dark matter search, prior to installation. We present the development of the pre-calibration procedures for the R11065-20 Hamamatsu PMTs. These PMTs are directly coupled to the NaI(Tl) crystals within the SABRE South experiment. In this paper we present methodologies to characterise the gain, dark rate, and timing properties of the PMTs. We develop a method for in-situ calibration without a light injection source. Additionally we explore the application of machine learning techniques using a Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) trained on the response of single PMTs to understand the information available for background rejection. Finally, we briefly present the simulation tool used to generate digitised PMT data from optical Monte Carlo simulations.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityO. Stanley, W.J.D. Melbourne, P. Urquijo, E. Barberio, V.U. Bashu, L.J. Bignell, I. Bolognino, G. Brooks, S.S. Chhun, F. Dastgiri, M.B. Froehlich, T. Fruth, G. Fu, G.C. Hill, R.S. James, K. Janssens, S. Kapoor, G.J. Lane, K.T. Leaver, J. McKenzie, L.J. McKie, P. McGee, P.C. McNamara, M. Mews, L.J. Milligan, K.J. Rule, F. Scutti, Z. Slavkovská, A.E. Stuchbery, B. Suerfu, G.N. Taylor, A.G. Williams, Y. Xing, Y.Y. Zhong
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Instrumentation, 2025; 20(07):P07052-1-P07052-31
dc.identifier.doi10.1088/1748-0221/20/07/p07052
dc.identifier.issn1748-0221
dc.identifier.issn1748-0221
dc.identifier.orcidBolognino, I. [0000-0002-1511-2553]
dc.identifier.orcidJanssens, K. [0000-0001-8760-4429]
dc.identifier.orcidLeaver, K.T. [0000-0003-1831-4959]
dc.identifier.orcidMcGee, P. [0000-0002-9576-442X]
dc.identifier.orcidWilliams, A.G. [0000-0002-1472-1592]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/147814
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherIOP Publishing
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/CE200100008
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LE190100196
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LE170100162
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LE160100080
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP190103123
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP170101675
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP150100705
dc.rights© 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of Sissa Medialab. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/07/p07052
dc.subjectDetector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams); Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (vacuum); Dark Matter detectors (WIMPs, axions, etc.)
dc.titleCharacterisation of Hamamatsu R11065-20 PMTs for use in the SABRE South NaI(Tl) Crystal Detectors
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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