Islet autoimmunity in young First Nations women with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes
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(Published version)
Date
2025
Authors
Wicks, M.M.
Wood, A.J.
Titmuss, A.
Shaw, J.E.
Wentworth, J.M.
Colman, P.G.
Brown, A.D.H.
Maple-Brown, L.J.
Barr, E.L.M.
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Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2025; 230:112977-1-112977-7
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Mary M. Wicks, Anna J. Wood, Angela Titmuss, Jonathan E. Shaw, John M. Wentworth, Peter G. Colman, Alex D.H. Brown, Louise J. Maple-Brown, Elizabeth L.M. Barr
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Abstract
Aims: Type 1 diabetes in First Nations peoples is low yet type 2 diabetes is at epidemic proportions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of islet autoimmunity in First Nations women with dysglycaemia and its association with clinical features. Methods: One hundred and eighty First Nations women with prediabetes (n = 51) or type 2 diabetes (n = 129) were screened for any of GAD, IA-2 and ZnT8 autoantibodies using 3Screen ELISA, then ELISA for individual autoantibodies for positive screens. Associations between individual antibody positivity and clinical and metabolic characteristics were assessed. Results: Of the 180 women, 16% were positive on 3Screen, comprising 10/51 with prediabetes and 18/129 with diabetes. Sixteen of 28 positive on 3Screen were also positive for at least one individual autoantibody on ELISA testing; with 5/51 (10%) with prediabetes and 11/129 (9%) with diabetes. Individual autoantibody positivity was not associated with clinical and metabolic characteristics or markers of inflammation. Conclusions: The proportion of individual autoantibody positivity among younger First Nations women with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes was 9%. Islet autoantibody positivity was not associated with a distinct clinical phenotype in this group. Longitudinal follow-up will allow assessment of glycaemic trajectories and clinical outcomes in younger First Nations women.
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© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).