Scaler Rates from the Pierre Auger Observatory: A New Proxy of Solar Activity

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dc.contributor.authorMancuso, S.
dc.contributor.authorAbdul Halim, A.
dc.contributor.authorAbreu, P.
dc.contributor.authorAglietta, M.
dc.contributor.authorAllekotte, I.
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida Cheminant, K.
dc.contributor.authorAlmela, A.
dc.contributor.authorAloisio, R.
dc.contributor.authorAlvarez-Muñiz, J.
dc.contributor.authorAmbrosone, A.
dc.contributor.authorAmmerman Yebra, J.
dc.contributor.authorAnastasi, G.A.
dc.contributor.authorAnchordoqui, L.
dc.contributor.authorAndrada, B.
dc.contributor.authorAndrade Dourado, L.
dc.contributor.authorAndringa, S.
dc.contributor.authorApollonio, L.
dc.contributor.authorAramo, C.
dc.contributor.authorArnone, E.
dc.contributor.authorArteaga Velázquez, J.C.
dc.contributor.authoret al.
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractThe modulation of low-energy galactic cosmic rays reflects interplanetary magnetic field variations and can provide useful information on solar activity. An array of ground-surface detectors can reveal the secondary particles, which originate from the interaction of cosmic rays with the atmosphere. In this work, we present an investigation of the low-threshold rate (scaler) time series recorded in 16 yr of operation by the Pierre Auger Observatory surface detectors in Malargüe, Argentina. Through an advanced spectral analysis, we detected highly statistically significant variations in the time series with periods ranging from the decadal to the daily scale. We investigate their origin, revealing a direct connection with solar variability. Thanks to their intrinsic very low noise level, the Auger scalers allow a thorough and detailed investigation of the galactic cosmic-ray flux variations in the heliosphere at different timescales and can, therefore, be considered a new proxy of solar variability.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityThe Pierre Auger Collaboration
dc.identifier.citationThe Astrophysical Journal (ApJ), 2025; 987(1):41-1-41-13
dc.identifier.doi10.3847/1538-4357/adccc3
dc.identifier.issn0004-637X
dc.identifier.issn1538-4357
dc.identifier.orcidClay, R.W. [0000-0002-9040-9648]
dc.identifier.orcidDawson, B.R. [0000-0002-4271-3055]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/147715
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherIOP Publishing
dc.relation.grantARC
dc.rights© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adccc3
dc.subjectSolar activity; Cosmic ray detectors; Astronomy data analysis
dc.titleScaler Rates from the Pierre Auger Observatory: A New Proxy of Solar Activity
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished

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