Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to C₂₊ products by non-Cu-based electrocatalysts: challenges and perspectives
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Date
2025
Authors
Ye, Y.
Ren, C.
Xi, Z.
Chen, Q.
Park, H.S.
Jin, H.
Cheng, H.-M.
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JPhys Energy, 2025; 7(4):042003-1-042003-26
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Yuhang Ye, Chaoyu Ren, Zichao Xi, Qiao Chen, Ho Seok Park, Huanyu Jin, and Hui-Ming Cheng
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Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (eCO2RR) for C₂₊ product generation is crucial for advancing clean energy conversion technologies. Cu-based electrocatalysts have long been regarded as the benchmark for producing C₂₊ products by their moderate adsorption energy for key intermediates and strong C–C coupling capabilities. However, limitations such as poor stability and low selectivity have driven the search for non-Cu-based alternatives. In this review, we carefully analyze the recent progress in non-Cu-based electrocatalysts for eCO₂RR. We identify that the CO₂ activation and adsorption behavior of intermediates significantly influence the C–C coupling steps. Considering this foundation, we propose three non-Cu-based electrocatalysts for C₂₊ products: frustrated Lewis acid-base pair catalyst, chiral catalyst, and molecular catalyst. These catalysts show significant potential for C2+ products generation and expanding the catalytic landscape beyond Cu-based systems. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future directions of this emerging field. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview and valuable insights to guide future research efforts in developing novel electrocatalysts, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy applications.
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© 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.