Ovulation induction and subfertile untreated conception groups offer improved options for interpreting risks associated with ART
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Date
2024
Authors
Hansen, M.
Hart, R.J.
Milne, E.
Bower, C.
Walls, M.L.
Yovich, J.L.
Burton, P.
Liu, Y.
Barblett, H.
Kemp Casey, A.
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Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 2024; 41(4):915-928
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Purpose: To identify and characterise appropriate comparison groups for population studies of health outcomes in ART-conceived births: ovulation induction (OI), subfertile untreated and fertile natural conceptions. Our secondary objective was to examine whether known risks of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes in ART births are elevated in comparison with subfertile (untreated and OI) conception groups.
Methods: We linked State and Commonwealth datasets to identify all live and stillbirths (≥ 20 weeks) in Western Australia from 2003 to 2014 by method of conception. Demographic characteristics, maternal pre-existing conditions, adverse obstetric history and pregnancy complications were compared across conception groups. Generalised estimating equations were used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in singletons.
Results: We identified 9456 ART, 3870 OI, 11,484 subfertile untreated and 303,921 fertile naturally conceived deliveries. OI and subfertile untreated groups more closely resembled the ART group than the fertile group; however, some differences remained across parity, maternal age, pre-existing conditions and obstetric history. In multivariate analyses, ART singletons had greater risks of placental problems (e.g. placenta praevia aRR 2.42 (95% CI 1.82–3.20)) and adverse birth outcomes (e.g. preterm birth aRR 1.38 (95% CI 1.25–1.52)) than the subfertile untreated group, while OI singletons were more similar to the subfertile group with higher risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.
Conclusion: OI and subfertile untreated conception groups offer improved options for interpreting health outcomes in ART births. Pregnancy complications (particularly placental disorders) and adverse outcomes at delivery are more common following ART.
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Data source: Supplementary information, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-024-03060-6
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Copyright 2024 The Author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.)
Access Condition Notes: Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions.