Molecular insights into nucleic acid triplexes: methodologies and biological applications

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dc.contributor.authorKlose, J.W.
dc.contributor.authorUrbina, G.
dc.contributor.authorPukala, T.L.
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionOnlinePubl. Available online 1 September 2025
dc.description.abstractTriplex DNA structures form through the binding of a third oligonucleotide strand to the major groove of canonical double-stranded DNA at sites of extended polypurine sequence. Although they are known to be favored with certain sequence specificity and cellular conditions, including decreased pH and the presence of multivalent cations, there remains ambiguity in the structures and extent to which they form in vivo. Therefore, despite their biological relevance and many potential applications, the use of DNA triplexes in biotechnology has been limited to date. The focus of this review is to explore the intricacies of DNA triplex formation, as well as the current state of research into their functions and applications in molecular cell biology. The range of analytical, computational and synthetic chemistry techniques employed to investigate and enhance the stability of triplex assemblies is also reviewed. Understanding the structural properties that underpin triplex formation and activity, coupled with computational and synthetic methodologies to expand their utility, can unlock the potential of various triplex-forming oligonucleotides as a contemporary tool for regulating gene expression.
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityJack W. Klose, Gerardo Urbina, Tara L. Pukala
dc.identifier.citationCritical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2025; 60(4-6):1-25
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/10409238.2025.2550728
dc.identifier.issn1040-9238
dc.identifier.issn1549-7798
dc.identifier.orcidUrbina, G. [0000-0002-1248-5119]
dc.identifier.orcidPukala, T.L. [0000-0001-7391-1436]
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/147976
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherInforma UK Limited
dc.relation.granthttp://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP200102291
dc.rights© 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2025.2550728
dc.subjectDNA triplex; H-DNA; triplex-forming oligonucleotides; nucleic acids; gene regulation; computational modelling; synthetic oligonucleotides; biophysical characterisation
dc.titleMolecular insights into nucleic acid triplexes: methodologies and biological applications
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.publication-statusPublished online

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