Experimental and numerical investigation of shield tunnel segments reinforced with grouted channel steel under diverse damage scenarios
Date
2026
Authors
Wu, X.
He, J.
Huang, K.
Chen, X.
Feng, S.
Huang, B.
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Advisors
Journal Title
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Journal article
Citation
Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2026; 170:107334-1-107334-19
Statement of Responsibility
Xun Wu, Jun H, Kan Huang, Xiangsheng Chen, Sidong Feng, Bin Huang
Conference Name
Abstract
As a key component of urban rail system, shield tunnels are susceptible to cracking and stiffness degradation, from which an urgent need for effective reinforcement arises. In this study, grouted channel steel (GCS) with bolted connections was assessed as a reinforcement strategy for damaged tunnel segments. Full-scale tests integrated with finite element simulations verified the reliability of the proposed modelling approach, as strong agreement was observed between simulated and experimental load–displacement responses and crack development. The deformation of reinforced segments proceeded through three stages: elastic, strengthening, and failure. The effectiveness of reinforcement was governed by the level of prior damage. Elastic stiffness declined progressively with increasing damage, whereas strengthening-stage stiffness remained stable. Stiffness enhancement was concentrated in the strengthening stage, reaching values up to sixteen times those of the elastic stage. Under service limit conditions, balanced stiffness improvements of 95–120 % were achieved across stages, and recovery after unloading reached 140–160 %. These results indicate that GCS reinforcement provides a robust means of restoring and extending the service life of shield tunnel segments in urban rail systems.
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Available online 2 December 2025
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