Relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to palatal morphology: a longitudinal twin study
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(Published version)
Date
2024
Authors
Giri, J.
Bockmann, M.
Brook, A.
Gurr, A.
Brook O'Donnell, M.
Hughes, T.
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European Journal of Orthodontics, 2024; 47(1):cjae076-1-cjae076-10
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Jamal Giri, Michelle Bockmann, Alan Brook, Angela Gurr, Lyle Palmer, Matthew Brook O'Donnell, and Toby Hughes
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Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic variations of palatal morphology during development. Methods: Longitudinal three-dimensional digital maxillary dental casts of 228 twin pairs (104 monozygotic and 124 dizygotic) at primary, mixed, and permanent dentition stages were included in this study. Landmarks were placed on the casts along the midpoints of the dento-gingival junction on the palatal side of each tooth and the mid-palatine raphe using MeshLab. Palatal widths, depths, length, area, and volume were measured using those landmarks. Univariate genetic structural equation modelling was performed on twin data at each stage of dental development. Results: Except for anterior depth, all palatal dimensions increased signifcantly from the primary to permanent dentition stages. The phenotypic variance for most of the palatal dimensions during development was best explained by a model, including additive genetic and non-shared environment variance components. Variance in volume and area in the primary dentition stage was best explained by a model including additive genetic, shared environment, and non-shared environment variance components. For posterior palatal depth and width, narrow-sense heritability estimates were above 0.8 for all dental developmental stages. In contrast, heritability estimates for other palatal traits fuctuated during development. Limitation: This study was limited to twins of European ancestry. Conclusions: Additive genetic and non-shared environmental factors primarily infuenced palatal morphology during development. While the genetic infuence on different aspects of the palate varied throughout development, it was particularly strong in the posterior region of the palate and during the permanent dentition stage.
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© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.