Athanasiov, P.Prabhakaran, V.Selva-Nayagam, D.2009-10-302009-10-302008Acta Ophthalmologica, 2008; 86(4):356-3641755-375X1755-3768http://hdl.handle.net/2440/51847Enophthalmos can be defined as a relative, posterior displacement of a normal-sized globe in relation to the bony orbital margin. Non-traumatic enophthalmos has a wide variety of clinical presentations and may be the first manifestation of a number of local or systemic conditions. It may present with cosmetic problems such as deep superior sulcus, pseudoptosis or eyelid retraction; or functional problems such as diplopia or exposure keratopathy. There are three main pathogenic mechanisms: structural alterations in the bony orbit; orbital fat atrophy; and retraction. Evaluation of enophthalmos patients includes orbital imaging and a thorough ophthalmic and systemic examination. In this review, we discuss the presenting features of non-traumatic enophthalmos and include a brief description of the more important causes. An approach to the clinical evaluation of these patients is also discussed together with a brief overview of the principles of management.enenophthalmosorbital fat atrophyorbital fibrosisorbital metastasespseudoenophthalmossilent sinus syndromeJournal article002008087510.1111/j.1755-3768.2007.01152.x0002564968000022-s2.0-4764910599743237Selva-Nayagam, D. [0000-0002-2169-5417]