Mahajan, R.Pathak, R.Thiyagarajah, A.Lau, D.Marchlinski, F.Dixit, S.Day, J.Hendriks, J.Carrington, M.Kalman, J.Sanders, P.2017-12-072017-12-072017Heart Lung and Circulation, 2017; 26(9):990-9971443-95061444-2892http://hdl.handle.net/2440/109892Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Management of AF is a complex process involving: 1) the prevention of thromboembolic complications with anticoagulation; 2) rhythm control; and 3) the detection and treatment of underlying heart disease. However, cardiometabolic risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obstructive sleep apnoea, have been proposed as contributors to the expanding epidemic of atrial fibrillation (AF). Thus, a fourth pillar of AF care would include aggressive targeting of interdependent, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors as part of an integrated care model. Such risk factor management could retard and reverse the pathological processes underlying AF and reduce AF burden.enCrown Copyright © 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). All rights reserved.Atrial fibrillation; cardiovascular risk factors; atrial remodellingJournal article003007201110.1016/j.hlc.2017.05.1230004084091000172-s2.0-85021169794358510Mahajan, R. [0000-0003-3375-5568]Pathak, R. [0000-0002-7391-6867]Lau, D. [0000-0001-7753-1318] [0000-0002-1564-439X]Hendriks, J. [0000-0003-4326-9256]Sanders, P. [0000-0003-3803-8429]