Yu, H.Rouelle, N.Qiu, A.Oh, J.A.Kempaiah, D.M.Whittle, J.D.Aakyiir, M.Xing, W.Ma, J.2025-12-182025-12-182020ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2020; 12(34):37977-379851944-82521944-8252https://hdl.handle.net/11541.2/144428Data source: Supporting information, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c05454Flexible super capacitors are promising energy storage devices for emerging wearable electronics. However, due to the poor mechanical strength, complicated device manufacturing process, and unsatisfactory low-temperature tolerance, their overall performance for practical applications is hindered. Herein, we report a hydrogen bonding reinforced,dual-crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol), acrylic acid, and H2SO4 (PVA-AA-S)hydrogel electrolyte for all-in-one flexible supercapacitors. The PVA-AA-S hydrogeldemonstrates excellent compressive/tensile properties and high ionic conductivity. Ittolerates compressive stress of 0.53 MPa and is stretchable up to 500%. The hydrogel-basedall-in-one supercapacitor shows promising electrochemical performance under various harshconditions. The device energy density and power density reach up to 14.2 μWh cm−2 and0.94 mW cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, it retains nearly 80% capacitance after beingstored at −35 °C for 23 days. The excellent performance of the hydrogel electrolyteoriginates from its abundant strong hydrogen bonding between polymer chains and watermolecules.enCopyright 2020 American Chemical Society Access Condition Notes: Accepted manuscript available after 1 October 2021hydrogen bondinghydrogel electrolyteflexible supercapacitorlow-temperature tolerancemechanical strengthJournal article10.1021/acsami.0c054542-s2.0-85090078955