Hartmann, S.Bruni, O.Ferri, R.Redline, S.Baumert, M.2025-06-192025-06-192021Sleep, 2021; 44(1):zsaa145-1-zsaa145-80161-81050161-8105https://hdl.handle.net/2440/145310Study Objectives: To determine in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) the effect of adenotonsillectomy (AT) on the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) and the relationship between CAP and behavioral, cognitive, and quality-of-life measures. Methods: CAP parameters were analyzed in 365 overnight polysomnographic recordings of children with mild-to-moderate OSA enrolled in the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT), randomized to either early AT (eAT) or watchful waiting with supportive care (WWSC). We also analyzed CAP in a subgroup of 72 children with moderate OSA (apnea–hypopnea index > 10) that were part of the CHAT sample. Causal mediation analysis was performed to determine the independent effect of changes in CAP on selected outcome measures. Results: At baseline, a higher number of A1 phases per hour of sleep was significantly associated with worse behavioral functioning (caregiver Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) Global Executive Composite (GEC): ρ = 0.24, p = 0.042; caregiver Conners’ Rating Scale Global Index: ρ = 0.25, p = 0.036) and lower quality of life (OSA-18: ρ = 0.27, p = 0.022; PedsQL: ρ = −0.29, p = 0.015) in the subgroup of children with moderate OSA, but not across the entire sample. At 7-months follow-up, changes in CAP parameters were comparable between the eAT and WWSC arms. CAP changes did not account for significant proportions of variations in behavioral, cognitive, and qualityof- life performance measures at follow-up. Conclusions: We show a significant association between the frequency of slow, high-amplitude waves with behavioral functioning, as well as the quality of life in children with moderate OSA. Early AT in children with mild-to-moderate OSA does not alter the microstructure of nonrapid eye movement sleep compared with watchful waiting after an approximately 7-month period of follow-up. Clinical Trial: The study “A Randomized Controlled Study of Adenotonsillectomy for Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome” was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT00560859).en© Sleep Research Society 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.children; sleep; cyclic alternating pattern; sleep-disordered breathing; adenotonsillectomy; cognitive performance; child behavior; quality of life; deep learningHumansSleep Apnea, ObstructivePolysomnographyAdenoidectomyTonsillectomyCognitionQuality of LifeChildJournal article10.1093/sleep/zsaa1452023-11-23541173Hartmann, S. [0000-0001-9689-0594]Bruni, O. [0000-0003-2207-1398]Ferri, R. [0000-0001-6937-3065]Baumert, M. [0000-0003-2984-2167]