Chang, J.Landers, J.Henderson, T.Craig, J.2016-10-302016-10-302012Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2012; 40(5):448-4531442-64041442-9071http://hdl.handle.net/2440/102040Background: To report the prevalence of current and previous uveitis within the indigenous population living within Central Australia. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study in Central Australia. Participants: One thousand eight hundred and eighty-four subjects who identified themselves as indigenous Australians, presenting to the remote clinics during the 36-month period between July 2005 and June 2008. Methods: Clinical assessments for active or previous uveitis were performed. Data were collected using a standardized form. Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of various types of uveitis. Results: Four of 1881 subjects had evidence of previous or current anterior uveitis, giving a prevalence for anterior uveitis of 0.21% (95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.42%). Eleven of 1854 patients had signs of previous posterior uveitis, giving a prevalence for posterior uveitis of 0.59% (95% confidence inteval 0.24–0.94%). Nine of the 11 patients with posterior uveitis cases (82%) had presumed toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. There were no cases of intermediate uveitis or panuveitis observed in this study. There were no observed cases consistent with well-recognized clinical uveitic syndromes, such as Behçet’s disease or Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome. Conclusions: A distinct pattern of uveitis appears to be present among indigenous population of remote Central Australia. Posterior uveitis was commoner than anterior uveitis with a predominance of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. Environmental factors appeared to be more important in this genetically distinct population, with infective causes and ocular trauma being the most common aetiologies of uveitis.en© 2011 The Authors Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology © 2011 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of OphthalmologistsCentral Australian; epidemiology; Ocular Health Study; uveitisJournal article003002225210.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02726.x0003067607000052-s2.0-841551828322-s2.0-84873027604156871