Karpov, D.Cuau, L.Shishkov, R.Gramaccioni, C.Dallerba, E.Schwehr, B.J.Ellison, G.Hackett, M.J.Plush, S.E.Massi, M.Lerouge, F.Cloetens, P.Bohic, S.2026-04-162026-04-162026ACS Nano, 2026; 20(9):7401-74131936-08511936-086Xhttps://hdl.handle.net/2440/149920We introduce a powerful, integrated workflow that fuses cryo-optical fluorescence microscopy with cryogenic synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence nanoimaging to achieve nanoscale insights into cellular ultrastructure and composition. Our method delivers sharp 2D and 3D visualizations, enabling simultaneous elemental mapping, nanoparticle tracking, and imaging of mitochondrial features via a luminescent cyclometalated iridium complex. We further demonstrate that combining well-chosen molecular probes possessing different heavy elements (e.g., rhenium, iridium, bromine, and iodine) allows elemental multiplex “painting” of different organelles to provide X-ray fluorescent elemental contrast of some intracellular structures. By eliminating the need for separate sample preparations, this streamlined approach maximizes limited synchrotron beamtime and dramatically accelerates data acquisition, providing a practical reference workflow for advanced cryo-nanoscale imaging studies.en© 2026 The Authors. Published by American Chemical SocietyX-ray fluorescence; synchrotron; metals; cancer cells; cryo-correlative imaging; X-ray phase contrastHumansIridiumMicroscopy, FluorescenceX-RaysJournal article10.1021/acsnano.5c10637997040Plush, S.E. [0000-0002-9999-9154]