Hayes, A.G.Pearson, O.Marathe, C.S.Jesudason, D.2025-10-292025-10-292025Heart Lung and Circulation, 2025; 34(10):1069-10771443-95061444-2892https://hdl.handle.net/2440/148057Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects Aboriginal Australian populations six times more frequently than non-Indigenous Australians, with disparity increasing by remoteness. Contemporary guidelines recommend optimising cardiometabolic care, including achieving a target glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ,7%, blood pressure ,130/80 mmHg, and use of pharmacotherapy, including the maximal tolerated statin dose and consideration of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in selected subpopulations. Aim: This study aimed to determine whether cardiometabolic treatment targets and pharmacological management met best practice guidelines in two rural Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations. Method: A retrospective audit of electronic medical records was conducted in two rural Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations between January 2020 and January 2021. Data were collected for people aged over 18 years who regularly attended the clinic, identified as Aboriginal, and had a documented diagnosis of T2DM. Results A total of 274 patients met the inclusion criteria, 64% of whom were female. The median age of T2DM diagnosis was 44 years (interquartile range 32–50), with a median diabetes duration of 9 years (3–17), HbA1c 8.0% (6.9–9.4), body mass index 31.6 kg/m² (27–36.3), urine albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR) 3.8 mg/mol (1.1–20.0), and mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol 2.1 mmol/L (±0.8). Capture rates were 70% for HbA1c, 51% for urine ACR, and 51% for lipid studies. Among recorded results, 51/193 (26%) of HbA1c were <7%, 80/228 (35%) of blood pressure readings were below 130/80 mmHg. Nephropathy was present in 42% of patients, and obesity in 61%. Clinically significant albuminuria was observed in 69/140 (50%) of patients with available ACR data. Statins were prescribed in 50%, sodium– glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in 20%, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in 7% of the population. Conclusions: This study has characterised a population with an early age of T2DM diagnosis, high rates of nephropathy and obesity, and suboptimal glycaemic control. Prescription rates of modern therapies were low. These findings highlight areas for targeted improvement in the quality of cardiometabolic care, including the increased use of modern diabetes agents.en© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ). This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Aboriginal; Rural; Diabetes; Cardiometabolic; PharmacotherapyHumansDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsRetrospective StudiesFollow-Up StudiesAdultMiddle AgedPrimary Health CareAustraliaFemaleMaleGlycated HemoglobinJournal article10.1016/j.hlc.2025.06.1019858971