Ren, W.Zhang, Q.Chen, J.Xiao, X.Duan, X.Luo, X.Wang, S.2026-01-192026-01-192025nature water, 2025; 3(11):1228-12422731-60842731-6084https://hdl.handle.net/2440/148589Industrial wastewater contains diverse organic and inorganic contaminants, posing substantial challenges in conventional water treatment processes. However, these pollutants can be reclaimed as valuable resources for a circular economy. Catalytic reactions offer a promising solution for the selective conversion of the pollutants into value-added products. Here we summarize the catalytic resource recovery technologies (CRRTs) and suggest a systematic strategy to achieve contaminant transformation and the smart management of industrial wastewater. Specifically, we propose a new pollutant classification for CRRTs by catalytically direct, indirect and non-catalytic recovery pathways, and critically evaluate catalyst and reactor design for upscaled systems. We then make a comprehensive assessment of CRRT benefits in terms of technical effectiveness, economic feasibility and environmental sustainability. Finally, we envisage a transformative future in wastewater resource reutilization. Overall, CRRTs have demonstrated strong potential in transitioning wastewater treatment from a purely remedial approach to a closed-loop and resource-oriented strategy.en© Springer Nature Limited 2025.catalytic resource recovery; industrial wastewater; circular economy; pollutant transformationJournal article10.1038/s44221-025-00530-8864291Ren, W. [0000-0002-1299-0393]Zhang, Q. [0009-0001-8839-5726]Duan, X. [0000-0001-9635-5807]Wang, S. [0000-0002-1751-9162]