Liu, H.Liang, G.Gao, C.Bi, S.Chen, Q.Xie, Y.Fan, S.Cao, L.Pang, W.K.Guo, Z.2021-09-242021-09-242019Nano Energy, 2019; 662211-28552211-3282https://hdl.handle.net/2440/132305Currently, developing cathode material with high energy density and good cycling performance is one of the key challenges for lithium-ion batteries. LiNi<inf>0.5-x</inf>Mn<inf>1.5+x</inf>O<inf>4</inf> (LNMO) spinel cathode has attracted great attention as the most promising cathode candidate due to its extraordinarily high operating voltage, but its inferior long-term cycling stability has limited its further development. In this work, we successfully designed LNMOs with specific facets and different morphologies, among which the hybrid sphere-nanorod-like micro-nanostructured LNMO possesses excellent cycling performance, with capacity of over 107.8 mAh g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles at 10 C and superior rate capability up to 10 C. Its superior rate capability is found to originate from the large Li-O bond length by Rietveld refinement, which contributes to decreased charge transfer resistance and ease of Li insertion/extraction at tetrahedral sites. On the other hand, the excellent cycling stability comes from its having the least structural deformation from mechanistic reactions, which involve the longest solid-solution reaction, the highest spinel structural tolerance/stability up to Δ = ~0.69 Li, and a highly reversible two-phase reaction during charge and discharge in the hybrid LNMO, as revealed by the in operando synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction results. Moreover, the hybrid LNMO exhibits surface planes (210) with the highest Mn defect formation energy, prohibiting Mn³⁺ disproportionation and further stabilizing its cycling stability. This work not only demonstrates the importance of crystallographic and morphological controls on the high-voltage spinel performance, but also opens a window for battery engineers and researchers to develop battery technology for high-power applications.en© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Lithium-ion batteries; high-voltage spinel; hybrid morphology; high rate performance; superior cycling stabilityJournal article10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.1041002021-09-24571355Liang, G. [0000-0002-2302-4932]Guo, Z. [0000-0003-3464-5301]