Tedesco, A.M.López-Cubillos, S.Chazdon, R.Rhodes, J.R.Archibald, C.L.Pérez-Hämmerle, K.V.Brancalion, P.H.S.Wilson, K.A.Oliveira, M.Correa, D.F.Ota, L.Morrison, T.H.Possingham, H.P.Mills, M.Santos, F.C.Dean, A.J.2023-08-182023-08-182023Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2023; 38(7):643-6530169-53471872-8383https://hdl.handle.net/2440/139178Ecosystem restoration conventionally focuses on ecological targets. However, while ecological targets are crucial to mobilizing political, social, and financial capital, they do not encapsulate the need to: integrate social, economic, and ecological dimensions and systems approaches; reconcile global targets and local objectives; and measure the rate of progress toward multiple and synergistic goals. Restoration is better conceived as an inclusive social-ecological process that integrates diverse values, practices, knowledge, and restoration objectives across temporal and spatial scales and stakeholder groups. Taking a more process-based approach will ultimately enable greater social-ecological transformation, greater restoration effectiveness, and more long-lasting benefits to people and nature across time and place.en© 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.biodiversity; ecological restoration; restoration targets; nature-based solutions; adaptation; sustainable developmentHumansEcologyConservation of Natural ResourcesEcosystemJournal article10.1016/j.tree.2023.02.0072023-08-18636321