Ehrlich, R.Hull, M.L.Walkley, J.Sacks, G.2025-07-142025-07-142019Fertility & Reproduction, 2019; 01(04):154-1602661-31822661-3174https://hdl.handle.net/2440/145909The intravenous fat emulsion, intralipid, has been hypothesised to be an effective and safe treatment for repeated in vitro fertilisation (IVF), implantation failure and pregnancy loss. This exploratory, retrospective cohort study determined pregnancy outcomes and documented adverse events associated with intralipid use. Ninety-three women were identified as having received intralipid for a history of repeated unsuccessful IVF cycles and pre-viable pregnancy loss in two Australian IVF units that independently recruited between October 2014 and July 2016. Pregnancy outcomes and adverse events were recorded in fresh and frozen embryo transfer cycles in which the infusion was administered. The 93 women who received intralipid had a clinical pregnancy rate of 40.0%, compared with 35.0% in 651 age-matched controls undergoing IVF, which was not significantly different. The intralipid group had a livebirth rate of 35.7%. Apart from flushing, which was experienced by one individual, there were no adverse events associated with intralipid use. As a prelude to definitive evidence of benefit, we did not identify a safety concern or reduced pregnancy rates in intralipid users compared to controls. Indeed, these outcomes were better than expected in a poor prognosis group. This data supports an argument for large, randomised controlled trials to determine the benefit of intralipid in the treatment of recurrent implantation failure or miscarriage.en© Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE) and World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. This is an Open Access article published by World Scientific Publishing Company. It is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) License which permits use, distribution and reproduction, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Intralipid; IVF; Natural Killer Cells; Recurrent Implantation Failure; Immunotherapy; Miscarriage.Journal article10.1142/s26613182195001782024-05-06555709Hull, M.L. [0000-0003-1813-3971] [0000-0003-4660-4005]