Oakes, S.R.Gallego-Ortega, D.Stanford, P.M.Junankar, S.Au, W.W.Y.Kikhtyak, Z.von Korff, A.Sergio, C.M.Law, A.M.K.Castillo, L.E.Allerdice, S.L.Young, A.I.J.Piggin, C.Whittle, B.Bertram, E.Naylor, M.J.Roden, D.L.Donovan, J.Korennykh, A.Goodnow, C.C.et al.Wells, C.A.2019-09-012019-09-012017PLoS Genetics, 2017; 13(11):e1007072-1-e1007072-241553-73901553-7404http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120801We identified a non-synonymous mutation in Oas2 (I405N), a sensor of viral double-stranded RNA, from an ENU-mutagenesis screen designed to discover new genes involved in mammary development. The mutation caused post-partum failure of lactation in healthy mice with otherwise normally developed mammary glands, characterized by greatly reduced milk protein synthesis coupled with epithelial cell death, inhibition of proliferation and a robust interferon response. Expression of mutant but not wild type Oas2 in cultured HC-11 or T47D mammary cells recapitulated the phenotypic and transcriptional effects observed in the mouse. The mutation activates the OAS2 pathway, demonstrated by a 34-fold increase in RNase L activity, and its effects were dependent on expression of RNase L and IRF7, proximal and distal pathway members. This is the first report of a viral recognition pathway regulating lactation.en© 2017 Oakes et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Mammary Glands, AnimalMilkAnimalsHumansMiceEndoribonucleases2',5'-Oligoadenylate SynthetaseRNA, Double-StrandedOligoribonucleotidesAdenine NucleotidesCell Culture TechniquesSignal TransductionLactationMutationFemaleJournal article003008219510.1371/journal.pgen.10070720004168369000112-s2.0-85036607316387790Kikhtyak, Z. [0000-0002-3472-6067]