Dyer, S.Gomersall, J.Smithers, L.Davy, C.Coleman, D.Street, J.2016-05-042016-05-042017Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2017; 57(7):1365-13761549-78521549-7852http://hdl.handle.net/2440/98531Accepted author version posted online: 17 Jun 2015Evidence-based profiling of obesity and overweight in Indigenous Australian children has been poor. This study systematically reviewed evidence of the prevalence and patterns of obesity/overweight, with respect to gender, age, remoteness and birth weight, in Indigenous Australian children, 0-18 years (PROSPERO CRD42014007626). Study quality and risk of bias were assessed. 25 publications (21 studies) met inclusion criteria, with large variations in prevalence for obesity or overweight (11% to 54%) reported. A high degree of heterogeneity in study design was observed, few studies (6/21) were representative of the target population, and few appropriately recruited Indigenous children (8/21). Variability in study design, conduct and small sample sizes mean that it is not possible to derive a single estimate for prevalence although two highquality studies indicate at least one in four Indigenous Australian children are overweight or obese. Four of six studies reporting on gender, found overweight/obesity higher in girls and eight studies reporting on overweight/obesity by age suggest prevalence increases with age with one high quality large national study reporting total overweight/obesity as 22.4% of children aged 2-4 years, 27.5% of those aged 5-9, 38.5% aged 10-14 and 36.3% aged 15-17. Three of four studies, reporting obesity/overweight by region, found lower rates for children living in more remote areas than urban areas.en© 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLCObesity; overweight; indigenous; children; adolescents; AustraliaJournal article003003059110.1080/10408398.2014.9918160003952443000062-s2.0-85013377952190092Gomersall, J. [0000-0002-9148-7162]Smithers, L. [0000-0002-6585-7836]Davy, C. [0000-0002-8564-159X]Street, J. [0000-0002-1033-4341]