Bergant, A.Tijsseling, A.Vitkovsky, J.Covas, D.Simpson, A.Lambert, M.2008-07-282008-07-282008Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2008; 46(3):382-3910022-16861814-2079http://hdl.handle.net/2440/46910This two-part paper investigates parameters that may significantly affect water-hammer wave attenuation, shape and timing. Possible sources that may affect the waveform predicted by classical water-hammer theory include unsteady friction, cavitation (including column separation and trapped air pockets), a number of fluid–structure interaction effects, viscoelastic behaviour of the pipe-wall material, leakages and blockages. Part 1 of this two-part paper presents the mathematical tools needed to model these sources. Part 2 of the paper presents a number of case studies showing how these modelled sources affect pressure traces in a simple reservoir-pipeline-valve system. Each case study compares the obtained results with the standard (classical) water-hammer model, from which conclusions are drawn concerning the transient behaviour of real systems.en© 2008 International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and ResearchAir pocketblockagecavitationcolumn separationfluid–structure interactionleakageunsteady frictionviscoelastic behaviour of the pipe-wallwater hammerJournal article002008120910.3826/jhr.2008.28470002571724000102-s2.0-4694910934242982Simpson, A. [0000-0003-1633-0111]Lambert, M. [0000-0001-8272-6697]