Bhaduri, A.Dionisio Pérez-Blanco, C.Rey, D.Iftekhar, S.Kaushik, A.Escriva-Bou, A.Calatrava, J.Adamson, D.Palomo-Hierro, S.Jones, K.Asbjornsen, H.Altamirano, M.A.Lopez-Gunn, E.Polyakov, M.Motlagh, M.Bekchanov, M.Bogardi, J.J.Gupta, J.Nandalal, K.D.W.Salamé, L.van Nooijen, R.R.P.Kumar, N.Tingsanchali, T.Bhaduri, A.Kolechkina, A.G.2021-07-052021-07-052021Handbook of Water Resources Management: Discourses, Concepts and Examples, 2021 / Bogardi, J.J., Gupta, J., Nandalal, K.D.W., Salamé, L., van Nooijen, R.R.P., Kumar, N., Tingsanchali, T., Bhaduri, A., Kolechkina, A.G. (ed./s), Ch.10, pp.273-3279783030601478http://hdl.handle.net/2440/131074In the immediate future, accessible runoff of fresh water is unlikely to increase more than the demand forecasted. It will have an impact on economic growth as it may reduce the per capita income of countries and create water conflicts. Such global threat creates a policy conundrum of how to meet basic needs and maximise the benefits from water resources. This chapter investigates different economic instruments in alleviating water-related risks and dealt with associated impacts.en© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021Watermarket; Investments for watershed services(IWS); Blockchain technology; Non-market valuation; Urban water design; Transboundary conflictBook chapter100004235110.1007/978-3-030-60147-8_10578494Adamson, D. [0000-0003-1616-968X]