Best, K.P.Sullivan, T.R.Gunaratne, A.W.Gould, J.F.Gibson, R.A.Collins, C.T.Makrides, M.Green, T.J.2023-03-222023-03-222023Nutrients, 2023; 15(2):335-3352072-66432072-6643https://hdl.handle.net/2440/137694Aim: To determine if supplementation of infants born <33 weeks’ gestation with higher dose docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affects growth, body composition, and blood pressure at 7 y corrected age (CA) and if treatment effects differed by infant sex at birth and birth weight strata (<1250 and ≥1250 g). Methods: Seven-year follow-up of an Australian multicenter randomized controlled trial in which 657 infants were fed high-DHA (≈1% total fatty acids) enteral feeds or standard-DHA (≈0.3% total fatty acids) from age 2–4 d until term CA. Seven-year CA outcomes were growth (weight, height), body composition (lean body mass, fat mass, waist, and hip circumference), and blood pressure. Results: There was no effect of high-DHA enteral feeds compared with standard-DHA on growth, body composition, and blood pressure at 7-year CA either overall or in subgroup analysis by sex. There was a significant interaction between high-DHA and birthweight strata on height at 7-y CA (p = 0.03). However, the post-hoc analyses by birthweight strata did not reach significance (p > 0.1). High-DHA group infants were more likely to be classified as obese (relative risk 1.6 (95% CI 1.0, 2.6); p = 0.05). Conclusions: DHA supplementation of premature infants did not affect growth, body composition, or blood pressure at 7-year CA overall by sex and birthweight strata. The finding of a higher risk of obesity in children who receive high-DHA needs to be interpreted with caution due to the small number of children classified as obese.en© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).docosahexaenoic acid; preterm infant; growth; body composition; blood pressure; !-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acidsHumansBirth WeightDocosahexaenoic AcidsFatty AcidsFollow-Up StudiesBody CompositionBlood PressureDietary SupplementsChildChild, PreschoolInfantInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureAustraliaPediatric ObesityJournal article10.3390/nu150203352023-03-22631832Best, K.P. [0000-0002-7653-5074]Sullivan, T.R. [0000-0002-6930-5406]Gould, J.F. [0000-0003-2810-6870]Gibson, R.A. [0000-0002-8750-525X]Collins, C.T. [0000-0003-3308-9948]Makrides, M. [0000-0003-3832-541X]Green, T.J. [0000-0002-0667-4300]