Adelaide Research & Scholarship
Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) is the University of Adelaide’s digital repository. AR&S provides a platform for the collection, organisation, access and preservation of the research and scholarly outputs of the University community in digital formats, as well as digital management of information in physical formats.
University of Adelaide higher degree by research theses are deposited into the AR&S Theses community as part of the final thesis lodgement process.
AR&S also serves as the home of the digital collections of University Library Archives and Special Collections. Items include digitized representations of physical items, such as photographs and full texts, and digital-born materials, allowing worldwide access to our heritage and research collections.
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Recent Submissions
Key Mediators Reducing Socioeconomic Inequality in Early Childhood Caries
(SAGE Publications, 2025) Dao, A.T.M.; Do, L.G.; Stormon, N.; Nguyen, H.V.; Ha, D.H.
Objectives: Socioeconomic status (SES) has a significant effect on the burden of early childhood caries (ECC), yet addressing SES disparities remains challenging. This study aimed to identify and quantify the most impactful mediator linking SES effect to the occurrence of ECC using advanced causal mediation analysis, to inform targeted interventions that reduce SES-related disparities in ECC. Methods: Data were drawn from the Study of Mothers’ and Infants’ Life Events, a cohort of 2,182 mother–child dyads recruited from Adelaide’s 3 largest public hospitals (2013–2014). Baseline questionnaires captured family SES, while ECC clinical indicators were assessed at age 5 y. Three mediation pathways linking SES and ECC were examined including dietary intake represented by free sugar intake (FSI); oral hygiene practices, including toothbrushing habits and plaque presence; and dental visiting patterns. Mediation effects were quantified as natural indirect effects (NIE) using causal mediation analysis based on the counterfactual framework, with validation via 5-fold cross-validation to ensure robustness. Results: FSI was the only pathway with a significant mediation effect. Each 1-standard-deviation increase or decrease in SES was associated with a corresponding 6% reduction or increase in ECC risk at age 5 y through the mediating effect of FSI at age 2 y. The NIE of FSI accounted for 52% of SES’s total effect on ECC. In contrast, oral hygiene and dental visiting patterns showed no significant mediation effects. Conclusions: Reducing early childhood FSI could mitigate half of SES-related disparities in ECC. Targeted interventions focusing on FSI reduction hold promise for lowering ECC risk, with future research needed to evaluate their effectiveness. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Clinicians and policymakers should prioritize nutrition education and sugar reduction initiatives as key components of early prevention in pediatric dentistry, especially for low-SES populations. Incorporating FSI screening into routine visits enables medical and dental practitioners to educate caregivers on the impact of free sugars on dental health.
Sedimentology of the Cambrian, Upper Kanmantoo Group, southern Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia
(1985) Boord, R. A.; School of Physical Sciences
The Balquhidder Formation, Petrel Cove Formation and Middleton Sandstone are the youngest exposed metasediments of the Kanmantoo Group, a 9km thick succession occurring in the Adelaide Hills and on Kangaroo Island. The Petrel Cove Formation conformably overlies the Balquhidder Formation. However, the contact between the Petrel Cove Formation and overlying Middleton Sandstone is not exposed in the type area and its geological nature is speculative. These three formations comprise 4km in their type areas of Southern Fleurieu Peninsula where this study was made.
The Balquhidder and Petrel Cove Formations consist of seven facies: (1) parallel laminated mudstone to siltstone; (2) cross laminated siltstone to fine sandstone; (3) parallel laminated fine to medium sandstone; (4) massive fine to medium sandstone; (5) cross 1aminated medium to coarse sandstone; (6) massive coarse to gravelly sandstone; and (7) disorganized clast supported gravelly sandstone. These facies can be grouped into two facies associations suggesting deposition in a submarine fan environment. Association A: lower middle fan/outer fan channel fill and interchannel deposits: and association B: outer fan/basin plain plain lobe, lobe fringe, fan fringe and basin plain deposits.
The Middleton Sandstone consists of five facies: (1) parallel laminated mudstone to siltstone; (2) cross laminated siltstone to fine sandstone; (3) parallel laminated fine sandstone; (4) massive fine sandstone; and (5) cross bedded fine sandstone suggesting deposition in an intertidal/subtidal environment.
The sandstones comprising the three formations are dominantly quartzo-feldspathic suggesting derivation from older Precambrian crystalline basement. Palaeocurrent data suggests that the source area for the sediments of the Balquhidder and Petrel Cove Formations was to the north-west and for the Middleton Sandstone to the west.
The succession probably accumulated on a passive but rapidly subsiding continental margin.
Electroencephalographic Changes in Sleep During Acute and Subacute Phases After Sports-Related Concussion
(Dove Medical Press, 2023) Stevens, D.J.; Appleton, S.; Bickley, K.; Holtzhausen, L.; Adams, R.
Purpose: Little is known about sleep after a concussion, a form of mild traumatic brain injury. Given the importance of sleep for both maintaining brain health and recovery from injury, we sought to examine sleep acutely and subacutely after concussion. Methods: Athletes who experienced a sports-related concussion were invited to participate. Participants underwent overnight sleep studies within 7 days of the concussion (acute phase), and again eight-weeks after the concussion (subacute phase). Changes in sleep from both the acute and subacute phases were compared to population normative values. Additionally, changes in sleep from acute to subacute phase were analysed. Results: When compared to normative data, the acute and subacute phases of concussion showed longer total sleep time (p < 0.005) and fewer arousals (p < 0.005). The acute phase showed longer rapid eye movement sleep latency (p = 0.014). The subacute phase showed greater total sleep spent in Stage N3% (p = 0.046), increased sleep efficiency (p < 0.001), shorter sleep onset latency (p = 0.013), and reduced wake after sleep onset (p = 0.013). Compared to the acute phase, the subacute phase experienced improved sleep efficiency (p = 0.003), reduced wake after sleep onset (p = 0.02), and reduced latencies for both stage N3 sleep (p = 0.014) and rapid eye movement sleep (p = 0.006). Conclusion: This study indicated sleep during both the acute and subacute phases of SRC was characterised by longer and less disrupted sleep, along with improvements in sleep from the acute to subacute phases of SRC.
Evolving the COLA software library
(Sissa Medialab srl Partita IVA, 2023) Kamleh, W.; 39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE) (8 Aug 2022 - 13 Aug 2022 : Bonn, Germany)
COLA is a software library for lattice QCD, written in a combination of modern Fortran and C/C++. Intel and NVIDIA have dominated the HPC domain in the years leading up to the exascale era, but the status quo has changed with the arrival of Frontier and other AMD-based systems in the supercomputing Top 500. Setonix is a next generation HPE Cray EX system hosted at the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre in Perth, Australia. Setonix features AMD EPYC CPUs and AMD Instinct GPUs. This report describes some of my experiences in evolving COLA to adapt to the current hardware landscape.
Harm to Nonhuman Animals from AI: a Systematic Account and Framework
(Springer Nature, 2023) Coghlan, S.; Parker, C.
This paper provides a systematic account of how artificial intelligence (AI) technologies could harm nonhuman animals and explains why animal harms, often neglected in AI ethics, should be better recognised. After giving reasons for caring about animals and outlining the nature of animal harm, interests, and wellbeing, the paper develops a comprehensive ‘harms framework’ which draws on scientist David Fraser’s influential mapping of human activities that impact on sentient animals. The harms framework is fleshed out with examples inspired by both scholarly literature and media reports. This systematic account and framework should help inform ethical analyses of AI’s impact on animals and serve as a comprehensive and clear basis for the development and regulation of AI technologies to prevent and mitigate harm to nonhumans.