Adelaide Research & Scholarship
Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) is the University of Adelaide’s digital repository. AR&S provides a platform for the collection, organisation, access and preservation of the research and scholarly outputs of the University community in digital formats, as well as digital management of information in physical formats.
University of Adelaide higher degree by research theses are deposited into the AR&S Theses community as part of the final thesis lodgement process.
AR&S also serves as the home of the digital collections of University Library Archives and Special Collections. Items include digitized representations of physical items, such as photographs and full texts, and digital-born materials, allowing worldwide access to our heritage and research collections.
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Recent Submissions
Influence of gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation frequency and intensity on motor cortex excitability in young and older adults
(American Physiological Society, 2025) Cirillo, J.; Hand, B.J.; Liao, W.-Y.; Opie, G.M.; Sasaki, R.; Semmler, J.
Gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over primary motor cortex (M1) has been shown to reduce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition during stimulation. However, the effectiveness of gamma tACS may be influenced by various factors, such as stimulation frequency, current intensity, and age. The aim of this study was to examine whether corticomotor excitability and GABA-mediated inhibition is influenced by gamma tACS when applied at different frequencies and intensities over M1 of young and older adults. Electromyographic recordings were obtained from the right hand first dorsal interosseous muscle of 18 young and 17 older adults. Motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes elicited by single- and pairedpulse transcranial magnetic stimulation were used to examine corticomotor excitability and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) during gamma and sham tACS. Gamma tACS was applied at three frequencies (60 Hz, 75 Hz, and 90 Hz) and three current intensities (1.0 mA, 1.5 mA, and 2.0 mA). Corticomotor excitability during tACS was not altered by the different gamma frequencies and intensities in young and older adults. Modulation of SICI during gamma tACS was both frequency- and intensity- dependent, with more inhibition than sham for 75 Hz and at 1.5–2.0 mA, but neither was influenced by age. These findings contrast with previous studies, showing that reduced SICI during gamma tACS is not a consistent outcome. Further investigation that includes a greater range of frequencies and intensities is needed to identify the optimal dose for modulating human M1 excitability and intracortical inhibition with gamma tACS
Prioritising methodological research questions for scoping reviews, mapping reviews and evidence and gap maps for health research: a protocol for PROSPECT Delphi study
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2025) Pollock, D.; Hasanoff, S.; McBride, G.; Kanukula, R.; Tricco, A.C.; Khalil, H.; Campbell, F.; Jia, R.M.; Alexander, L.; Peters, M.; Vieira, A.M.; Aromataris, E.; Nunn, J.; Saran, A.; Evans, C.; Godfrey, C.; Pieper, D.; de Moraes, É.B.; Biesty, L.; Colquhoun, H.; et al.
Introduction: Scoping reviews, mapping reviews and evidence and gap maps (collectively known as ‘big picture reviews’) in health continue to gain popularity within the evidence ecosystem. These big-picture reviews are beneficial for policy-makers, guideline developers and researchers within the field of health for understanding the available evidence, characteristics, concepts and research gaps, which are often needed to support the development of policies, guidelines and practice. However, these reviews often face criticism related to poor and inconsistent methodological conduct and reporting. There is a need to understand which areas of these reviews require further methodological clarification and exploration. The aim of this project is to develop a research agenda for scoping reviews, mapping reviews and evidence and gap maps in health by identifying and prioritising specific research questions related to methodological uncertainties. Methods and analysis: A modified e-Delphi process will be adopted. Participants (anticipated N=100) will include patients, clinicians, the public, researchers and others invested in creating a strategic research agenda for these reviews. This Delphi will be completed in four consecutive stages, including a survey collecting the methodological uncertainties for each of the big picture reviews, the development of research questions based on that survey and two further surveys and four workshops to prioritise the research questions. Ethics and dissemination: This study was approved by the University of Adelaide Human Research Ethics Committee (H-2024- 188). The results will be communicated through open-access peer-reviewed publications and conferences. Videos and infographics will be developed and placed on the JBI (previously Joanna Briggs Institute) Scoping Review Network webpage
Search for the Anomalous Events Detected by ANITA Using the Pierre Auger Observatory
(American Physical Society, 2025) Abdul Halim, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.; Allekotte, I.; Almeida Cheminant, K.; Almela, A.; Aloisio, R.; Alvarez-Muñiz, J.; Ammerman Yebra, J.; Anastasi, G.A.; Anchordoqui, L.; Andrada, B.; Andringa, S.; Apollonio, L.; Aramo, C.; Araújo Ferreira, P.R.; Arnone, E.; Arteaga Velázquez, J.C.; Assis, P.; Avila, G.; et al.
A dedicated search for upward-going air showers at zenith angles exceeding 110° and energies E > 0.1 EeV has been performed using the Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The search is motivated by two “anomalous” radio pulses observed by the ANITA flights I and III that appear inconsistent with the standard model of particle physics. Using simulations of both regular cosmic-ray showers and upward-going events, a selection procedure has been defined to separate potential upwardgoing candidate events and the corresponding exposure has been calculated in the energy range [0.1–33] EeV. One event has been found in the search period between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2018, consistent with an expected background of 0.27 ± 0.12 events from misreconstructed cosmic-ray showers. This translates to an upper bound on the integral flux of (7.2 ± 0.2) × 10⁻²¹ cm⁻² sr⁻¹ y⁻¹ and (3.6 ± 0.2) × 10⁻²⁰ cm⁻² sr⁻¹ y⁻¹ for an E⁻¹ and E⁻² spectrum, respectively. An upward-going flux of showers normalized to the ANITA observations is shown to predict over 34 events for an E⁻³ spectrum and over 8.1 events for a conservative E⁻⁵ spectrum, in strong disagreement with the interpretation of the anomalous events as upward-going showers.
Self-similar groupoid actions on k-graphs, and invariance of K-theory for cocycle homotopies
(Tusi Mathematical Research Group, 2025) Mundey, A.; Sims, A.
We establish conditions under which an inclusion of finitely aligned left-cancellative small categories induces inclusions of twisted C*-algebras. We also present an example of an inclusion of finitely aligned left-cancellative monoids that does not induce a homomorphism even between (untwisted) Toeplitz algebras. We prove that the twisted C*-algebras of a jointly faithful self-similar action of a countable discrete amenable groupoid on a row-finite k-graph with no sources, with respect to homotopic cocycles, have isomorphic K-theory.
Single and Bi‐Layer Glass‐Based Phantoms: Robust Materials for a Calibration Standard for Fluorescence Imaging Systems
(Wiley-VCH, 2025) Yang, M.; Wei, Y.; Reineck, P.; Wells, A.J.; Ebendorff‐Heidepriem, H.; Li, J.; McLaughlin, R.A.
Fluorescence-guided surgery is an increasingly common technique in neurosurgery, where 5-aminolevulinic acid induces fluorescence in high-grade gliomas, aiding in tumor resection and improving surgical outcomes. Reliable detection of malignant tissue fluorescence depends critically upon the clinical imaging system. Factors such as nonuniform excitation light and the presence of non-fluorescent tissue layers over the tumor can reduce sensitivity. Characterizing imaging system performance in these scenarios is important to ensure clinical reliability. However, there are a lack of practical calibration standards available for this purpose. This study proposes a novel calibration standard to assist in characterizing a clinical fluorescence imaging system. The calibration standard uses multiple glass-based phantoms fabricated to mimic the optical properties of tissue. Silver nanoparticles mimic the absorption spectrum of hemoglobin; small air-filled cavities and crystals in the glass generate controlled levels of scattering; and samarium ions provide fluorescence to mimic malignant tissue. Single-layer and bilayer glass phantoms enable assessment of fluorescence across the field of view, including characterization of the sensitivity to detect fluorescence through layers of non-fluorescent glass, mimicking nonmalignant tissue. The glass-based phantoms demonstrate excellent photo-stability, homogeneity, and long-term shelf-life. Utility of this calibration standard is demonstrated with a commercial surgical fluorescence imaging system.