Do feeding practices, gestation length, and birth weight affect the timing of emergence of the first primary tooth?

Abstract

Recent studies of twins have confirmed that there is a strong genetic constribution to variation in timing of primary tooth emergence. Although environmental factors, such as severe nutritional deficiency of the infant, may affect primary tooth emergence, the roles of other environmental factors remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether newborn feeding practices, gestation length, and birth weight affect the emergence time of the first primary tooth. Data were collected from questionnaires and parental records as part of an ongoing longitudinal study of Australian twins and their families. The sample comprised 217 twin pairs. Most commonly, a mandibular central incisor was the first tooth to emerge, with the next being a maxillary central incisor. F- and t-tests were performed, comparing variables and mean values between groups, and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. No statisically significant difference was found in age at first primary tooth emergence between breast-fed and bottle-fed babies, with mean emergence times of 8.0 and 8.6 months respectively. Extremely prematrue infants (gestation <30 weeks) had a significantly later mean emergence time compared with infants born full-term (gestation ≥37 weeks) (10.7mo compared with 7.6mo). Significantly greater variation in timing was also observed with preterm infants. Very low birth weight babies (<1500g) also displayed a significan delay in tooth emergence comapred with normal birth weight babies (>2500g) (10.1mo compared with 7.9mo). These findings indicated that the development of primary dentition is well 'protected' against environmental disturbances, with only extreme prematurity or very low birth weight leading to significant delays in emergence.