ARC Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production publications

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Browsing ARC Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production publications by Author "Bastian, S."

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    Authenticity and traceability in the wine industry: From analytical chemistry to consumer perceptions
    (Elsevier, 2021) Ranaweera, R.; Souza Gonzaga, L.; Capone, D.; Bastian, S.; Jeffery, D.; Cifuentes, A.
    Wine has been a part of human history for millennia and is an economically important global industry. Wine is considered as a luxury product, which makes it highly susceptible to fraud and adulteration. Authentication methods and traceability systems designed to protect wine provenance and quality have therefore gained the interest of both researchers and the wine industry. Analytical approaches in combination with chemometrics can authenticate wine by identifying and modeling specific chemical markers or spectral fingerprints. Traceability systems can track and record movements in the supply chain, and by using various devices (e.g., tags, seals, smart phones), can even transmit information to the consumer to provide confidence in the authenticity of a wine. Beyond systems that help in the detection and delivery of an authentic product, the wine industry can also use marketing tools to convey an authentic image and target consumers in an engaging way. This requires an understanding of authenticity from the consumer perspective.
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    Impact of commercial oenotannin and mannoprotein products on the chemical and sensory properties of Shiraz wines made from sequentially harvested fruit
    (MDPI AG, 2018) Li, S.; Bindon, K.; Bastian, S.; Wilkinson, K.
    The tannin and polysaccharide profiles and therefore sensory properties of wine are influenced by fruit maturity at harvest, and practices employed during winemaking. This study investigated the extent to which commercial winemaking supplements (skin and seed tannins, and mannoprotein (MP)) can enhance the mouthfeel properties of red wine, in particular, wine made from grapes harvested before commercial ripeness (early-harvest). Supplements were added to wines made from Shiraz grapes harvested at 20.8 and 24.5 °Brix. The chemical composition and mouthfeel properties of wines were then determined by high performance liquid chromatography and descriptive analysis (DA), respectively. Wines made from riper grapes had higher levels of tannin than wines made from early-harvest grapes, but similar polysaccharide levels were observed. The addition of seed oenotannin yielded higher tannin levels than addition of skin oenotannin, particularly for wines made from early-harvest grapes. The DA panel perceived sensory differences between H1 and H2 wines, but could not perceive any effect of supplementation on wine mouthfeel properties, with the exception of a minor increase in sweetness, attributed to mannoprotein addition to H1 wines, even when MP was added to wines at 2.5 times the level recommended for use in Australia.
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    Sensory typicity of regional Australian Cabernet Sauvignon wines according to expert evaluations and descriptive analysis
    (Elsevier, 2020) Souza Gonzaga, L.; Capone, D.; Bastian, S.; Danner, L.; Jeffery, D.
    The concept of wine typicity has been an important tool for the international wine trade, and especially for Old World wine producing countries, where provenance criteria are regulated and act as a quality indicator. Provenance in Australia is governed by Geographical Indications, for which typicity should also be evident in terms of regional sensory profiles of wine from a given grape cultivar. Two approaches were used to identify sensory drivers for regional typicity of commercial Cabernet Sauvignon wines from three Australian regions, namely Coonawarra, Margaret River, and Yarra Valley. Cabernet Sauvignon-dominant wines from Bordeaux were also assessed for benchmarking purposes. A set of 84 wines underwent a sorting task and rate-all-that-apply (RATA) analysis of the sorted groups with an expert panel. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering of the sorting task data did not show a clear regional driver upon separating the samples into four main clusters, although certain sensory traits could be associated with the different clusters. On the other hand, canonical variate analysis (CVA) of the group-RATA results indicated several sensory drivers for the separation between the regions, such as ‘mint’ and ‘dark fruits’ being important for Coonawarra wine profiles, ‘floral’ and ‘green pepper’ for Margaret River, ‘stemmy’ for Yarra Valley, and ‘barnyard’ and ‘savoury’ differentiating Bordeaux wines from the other regions. A subset (n = 52) of wines was selected for further evaluation by descriptive analysis with a trained panel. Statistical evaluation with CVA revealed similar results to the expert evaluation, with Bordeaux wines showing more dissimilarity when compared to Australian regions, and having ‘savoury’ and ‘earthy’ as significant characters. The results also demonstrated that ‘mint’ and ‘Mallee leaf’ were relevant characters for Coonawarra regional sensory profile, ‘violets’ and ‘red fruits’ for Margaret River, and ‘cooked vegetables’ for Yarra Valley. Analysing both data sets (expert RATA and DA) revealed some agreement between the sets of results for attributes such as ‘mint’, ‘cooked vegetables’, ‘floral’, green-related characters, and oak characters like ‘vanilla’ and ‘chocolate’. Overall, experts and trained panellists were able to distinguish regions based on a few characteristic sensory traits.
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    Use of winemaking supplements to modify the composition and sensory properties of Shiraz wine
    (American Chemical Society, 2017) Li, S.; Bindon, K.; Bastian, S.; Jiranek, V.; Wilkinson, K.
    Wine quality can be significantly impacted by tannin and polysaccharide composition, which can in turn be influenced by grape maturity and winemaking practices. This study explored the impact of three commercial wine additives, a maceration enzyme, an oenotannin and a mannoprotein, on the composition and sensory properties of red wine; in particular, in mimicking the mouthfeel associated with wines made from riper grapes. Shiraz grapes were harvested at 24 and 28 °Brix and the former vinified with commercial additives introduced either individually or in combination. Compositional analyses of finished wines included tannin and polysaccharide concentration, composition and size distribution by high performance liquid chromatography, while the sensory profiles of wines were assessed by descriptive analysis. As expected, wines made from riper grapes were naturally higher in tannin and mannoprotein than wines made from grapes harvested earlier. Enzyme addition resulted in a significantly higher concentration and average molecular mass of wine tannin, which increased wine astringency. Conversely, mannoprotein addition reduced tannin concentration and astringency. Addition of oenotannin did not meaningfully influence wine composition or sensory properties.