Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://hdl.handle.net/2440/106185
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Large scale gene expression meta-analysis reveals tissue-specific, sex-biased gene expression in humans |
Author: | Mayne, B. Bianco-Miotto, T. Buckberry, S. Breen, J. Clifton, V. Shoubridge, C. Roberts, C. |
Citation: | Frontiers in Genetics, 2016; 7(OCT):183-1-183-14 |
Publisher: | Frontiers |
Issue Date: | 2016 |
ISSN: | 1664-8021 1664-8021 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Benjamin T. Mayne, Tina Bianco-Miotto, Sam Buckberry, James Breen, Vicki Clifton, Cheryl Shoubridge and Claire T. Roberts |
Abstract: | The severity and prevalence of many diseases are known to differ between the sexes. Organ specific sex-biased gene expression may underpin these and other sexually dimorphic traits. To further our understanding of sex differences in transcriptional regulation, we performed meta-analyses of sex biased gene expression in multiple human tissues. We analyzed 22 publicly available human gene expression microarray data sets including over 2500 samples from 15 different tissues and 9 different organs. Briefly, by using an inverse-variance method we determined the effect size difference of gene expression between males and females. We found the greatest sex differences in gene expression in the brain, specifically in the anterior cingulate cortex, (1818 genes), followed by the heart (375 genes), kidney (224 genes), colon (218 genes), and thyroid (163 genes). More interestingly, we found different parts of the brain with varying numbers and identity of sex-biased genes, indicating that specific cortical regions may influence sexually dimorphic traits. The majority of sex-biased genes in other tissues such as the bladder, liver, lungs, and pancreas were on the sex chromosomes or involved in sex hormone production. On average in each tissue, 32% of autosomal genes that were expressed in a sex-biased fashion contained androgen or estrogen hormone response elements. Interestingly, across all tissues, we found approximately two-thirds of autosomal genes that were sex-biased were not under direct influence of sex hormones. To our knowledge this is the largest analysis of sex-biased gene expression in human tissues to date. We identified many sex-biased genes that were not under the direct influence of sex chromosome genes or sex hormones. These may provide targets for future development of sex-specific treatments for diseases. |
Keywords: | human meta-analysis microarray organs sex-biased gene expression |
Rights: | Copyright © 2016 Mayne, Bianco-Miotto, Buckberry, Breen, Clifton, Shoubridge and Roberts. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
DOI: | 10.3389/fgene.2016.00183 |
Grant ID: | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1059120 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1020749 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FT120100086 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1041918 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1111206 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2016.00183 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 3 Medicine publications |
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hdl_106185.pdf | Published version | 1.36 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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