Diagnostic criteria and treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is high, and the risks of maternal and perinatal complications with clear hyperglycemia are well recognized. The worldwide obesity epidemic and the consequent excess of hyperglycemia have resulted in a rising prevalence of GDM. Changing definitions and more intensive screening may also be contributing to an increased prevalence. Despite the recognized risks, much controversy surrounds the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of GDM. The more stringent diagnostic criteria, advocated in new guidelines, are based on observational studies and are not guided by interventional studies. Here, we review the evidence behind updated diagnostic criteria, stricter treatment targets, and current controversies and conclude that international consensus regarding diagnosis and treatment will only be achieved with further evidence from interventional studies.