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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/17041
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Modeling individual differences in cognition |
Author: | Lee, M. Webb, M. |
Citation: | Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 2005; 12(4):605-621 |
Publisher: | Psychonomic Soc Inc |
Issue Date: | 2005 |
ISSN: | 1069-9384 1531-5320 |
Abstract: | Many evaluations of cognitive models rely on data that have been averaged or aggregated across all experimental subjects, and so fail to consider the possibility of important individual differences between subjects. Other evaluations are done at the single-subject level, and so fail to benefit from the reduction of noise that data averaging or aggregation potentially provides. To overcome these weaknesses, we have developed a general approach to modeling individual differences using families of cognitive models in which different groups of subjects are identified as having different psychological behavior. Separate models with separate parameterizations are applied to each group of subjects, and Bayesian model selection is used to determine the appropriate number of groups. We evaluate this individual differences approach in a simulation study and show that it is superior in terms of the key modeling goals of prediction and understanding. We also provide two practical demonstrations of the approach, one using the ALCOVE model of category learning with data from four previously analyzed category learning experiments, the other using multidimensional scaling representational models with previously analyzed similarity data for colors. In both demonstrations, meaningful individual differences are found and the psychological models are able to account for this variation through interpretable differences in parameterization. The results highlight the potential of extending cognitive models to consider individual differences. |
Keywords: | Humans Models, Statistical Cognition Generalization (Psychology) Retention (Psychology) Normal Distribution Individuality Neuropsychological Tests Computer Simulation Models, Psychological Discrimination Learning Humans Models, Statistical Cognition Generalization (Psychology) Retention (Psychology) Normal Distribution Individuality Neuropsychological Tests Computer Simulation Models, Psychological Discrimination Learning |
DOI: | 10.3758/BF03196751 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196751 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 6 Environment Institute publications Psychology publications |
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